积极研究、推进铁路运输财务体制改革

结合铁路建立现代企业制度、“网运分离”的运输体制改革目标，论证了铁路进行财务体制改革的必要性，分析了推进运输财务体制改革的若干重要关系，提出了２００１年铁路运输财务体制改革的思路、基本前提、主要内容和各项配合工作。     

基于知识积累的软件运行剖面生成方法及黑箱测试技术

软件的黑箱测试是一个面向用户的软件测试方法，当它以运行剖面为基础生成测试案例时，运行剖面的完备性将直接影响其测试结果的可信性，基于知识积累的软件运行剖面生成方法就是试图通过知识的获取和积累使生成的运行剖面日趋完备，从而达到黑箱测试技术在某些特殊的软件测试领域中更具实用和可信。文章讨论了软件 运行剖面的完备性和软件失效类等概念，提出了一种基于知识各界的软件运行剖面生成广阔圾黑箱测试技术，这种技术现已     

股骨下端骺软骨板血液供应的研究

用微血管造影及组织切片的方法,对9例2～15岁儿童和35只2～6周幼兔的股骨下端骺进行了观察。结果发现,在人体骺软骨板内有血管存在,它们主要来源于骨骺血管,行走于软骨管内,一般仅限于储备层内。但在2例儿童可以看到骨骺血管与干骺血管有交通。这一现象可以合理地解释一些骨病的X线表现规律。在幼兔,骺软骨板内的血管与人类似,但未发现骨骺与干骺间有血管交通。     

ZPW-2000A监测子系统

根据实际应用的情况,介绍了ZPW-2000A监测子系统的结构和技术特点,并重点介绍采集设备的采集内容和采集处理器的功能.     

A game-theoretic analysis of competition among container port hubs: the case of Busan and Shanghai 1

Countries throughout the world, and especially within Asia, are investing heavily in container port infrastructure in the hopes of capturing a larger share of global shipping activity for their economies. Many existing ports are emphasizing developing the capacity to serve as a hub port, building deepwater berths with large terminals to facilitate transfer of containers from feeder ships to mother ships for intercontinental transport. We develop a game-theoretic best response framework for understanding how competitor ports will respond to development at a focus port, and whether the focus port will be able to capture or defend market share by building additional capacity. We apply this model to investment and competition currently occurring between the ports of Busan and Shanghai.     

加筋土工程中筋材的拉拔试验研究

对双面加筋挡土墙结构中预埋的不同层位、不同长度的拉筋进行现场拉拔试验,分析表明筋土之间的拉拔摩阻力随上覆压力的增加而逐渐增大,拉筋越长,抗拔力越大。拉拔试验所测得的似摩擦系数及似粘聚力高于常规设计值,拉拔试验真实地反映了筋土界面的工作状态。     

基于PC/104的数据记录仪的设计与应用

为了实现对船舶重要装置的监测,设计一种基于PC/104的数据记录仪.该数据记录仪分为上位机和下位机两部分.上位机采用VC++编程,实现对该重要装置的数据记录获取、故障分析等功能.下位机采用PC/104模块和Windows CE实现对该装置的数据采集、记录、声光报警.该数据记录仪的采集速度为10 kHz,精度为0.2%.由于充分融合了PC/104模块,Windows CE的优点,该记录仪具有监测稳定性好,可靠性高,全程自动化程度高和操作简单等特点,已成功应用于船舶的重要装置中.     

亚洲牛带绦虫成虫延伸因子-1基因的表达、纯化及免疫学分析

目的 对亚洲牛带绦虫成虫延伸因子-1(elongation factor 1,EF-1)基因进行克隆、表达和免疫学初步研究.方法 将亚洲牛带绦虫成虫EF-1克隆到原核表达质粒pET-28a( )中,在大肠杆菌BL-21/DE3中用异丙硫代-β-D半乳糖苷诱导表达,表达产物通过十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)进行鉴定,用镍离子金属螯合剂亲和层析柱进行纯化,用蛋白印迹法(Western blotting)进行免疫学分析.结果 PCR、双酶切及DNA测序结果 均表明重组质粒pET-28a( )-EF-1构建成功.重组蛋白可被感染了亚洲牛带绦虫患者血清和猪血清识别,表明其具有免疫反应性.结论 亚洲牛带绦虫成虫EF-1基因可在原核表达系统中获得具有免疫学活性的表达,为进一步研究该蛋白的功能奠定了基础.     

Analysis of the capabilities of a two-stage turbocharging system to fulfil the US2007 anti-pollution directive for heavy duty diesel engines

This article presents a two-stage turbocharged heavy-duty diesel (HDD) engine designed to fulfil the US2007 anti-pollution directive. This directive imposes very restrictive limits on the NOx and particle emissions of HDD engines. In this work, the possibility of combining particle traps in the exhaust line to reduce soot emissions with very high EGR rates to reduce NOx emissions is considered. This new generation engine implements two-stage turbocharging in order to improve the bsfc when the engine is working on steady conditions as well as to optimize the engine transient response. After carrying out the tests, the results were analyzed and the engine settings were adjusted to maximise its behaviour and minimise pollutant emissions. NOx and soot emission peaks were also analyzed at engine transient conditions in order to keep them under certain levels, and thus maintain the overall pollutant emissions to a level that is as low as possible. In summary, a double-stage turbocharging configuration can greatly improve engine driveability (between 23% and 36% depending on engine speed), while reducing NOx emissions during transient evolution without increasing opacity peaks beyond the stated limits.     

Méthode de validation formelle d’un poste d’aiguillage informatique

In this article, we discuss on how to solve the following problems: the checks and tests before putting the safety facilities into service, and the results of these tests which are essential, time consuming and may show great variations among each other. Economic constraints and the increasing complexity associated with the development of computerized tools tend to limit the capacity of the classic approval process. In practice, a reduction of the test cover rate is observed. The method presented in this article makes it possible to formally validate the new computerized mechanisms of the existing French interlocking systems with real-time functional interpreted Petri nets. The aim of our project was to provide SNCF with an operating method for the formal validation of interlocking systems. A formal proof method by assertion, applicable to our interlocking system, which covers equally the specification and its real software implementation, is presented in this article. With the proposed method and its associated tools, we completely verify that the system follows all safety procedures at all times and does not show superfluous conditions. This replaces all plateform tests checks. It is included in the existing testing procedures. The advantages of using this method are the following: a significant reduction of testing time and of the related costs, an increase of the test coverage rate (determinisitic safety vs. probabilistic safety), and an answer to the new demand of railway infrastructure maintenance engineering to modify and validate computerized interlocking systems. The mastery of formal methods by infrastructure engineers is surely a key to prove that additional safety is not expensive.