基于改进BP-GA方法的FPSO舷侧结构耐撞性能优化设计

基于遗传算法和ABAQUS参数化有限元仿真技术,对传统的BP-GA优化方法进行改进,并采用改进的BP-GA方法对浮式生产储油卸油装置(FPSO)舷侧结构的耐撞性能进行优化,以验证其可行性和准确性。结果表明,与传统的BP神经网络相比,经遗传算法优化的BP神经网络具有更高的预测精度和更强的泛化能力;改进的BP-GA优化方法可在结构减重的基础上进一步提高结构的耐撞性能,能较好地适用于复杂的FPSO舷侧结构耐撞性优化设计。采用的优化方法具有通用性,可为抗爆性能的优化设计提供参考。     

信号交叉口行人二次过街下右转车通行能力与延误估计模型

在充分分析典型四相位交叉口行人二次过街设置前、后的行人流与右转车流冲突的前提下，以行人过街时间占有率和行人群到达分布作为分析指标，利用可插车间隙理论得出行人单向通行和双向通行条件下的右转车通行能力计算公式；根据行人流随机消散和集中消散的不同特征，应用随机分布理论推导出右转车穿越行人流的延误模型；并通过算例对比分析行人二次过街设置前、后右转车通行能力和延误的变化值。结果表明，除了在少数行人流量比较大的情况下， 行人二次过街的设置会小幅度减少右转车的延误；在其他大多数情况下，行人二次过街设置后， 右转车的通行能力将受到限制，延误增大，其中，平均通行能力降低了16.68%，平均延误时间增大 了21%，所以，当右转车交通需求较大时，需同时考虑行人和右转车的交通运行状态，优化设计是否采用行人二次过街，避免右转车超出极限忍耐时间而增大与行人冲突的概率。     

自动化集装箱码头综合管沟结构设计

综合管沟是近10 a来我国城市地下管线铺设的新型设计思路，在港口工程中的应用较为少见。港口工程具有独特的平面布置，场区内管线类型、地基条件、荷载、地面设施、交互节点等均与其他管沟大不相同，结构设计条件非常复杂。针对上述问题，在广州港南沙四期工程综合管沟结构设计中，结合自动化集装箱码头的特点，对荷载条件、沉降要求等方面进行了研究，提出了多功能盖板段、渐变式复合地基等方面的优化设计思路，完成了适用于自动化集装箱码头的综合管沟结构设计，有效解决了管线综合的问题。本文所阐述的结构设计经验对后续的自动化集装箱码头综合管沟结构设计具有一定的参考意义。     

STAAD/CHINA在搭架设计及强度校核中的应用

搭架作业是船舶修造日常工作中比较普通、常见的工程,合理、快速地设计和校验脚手架的强度,直接影响生产施工的安全性、经济性和效率。文章介绍了如何使用有限元软件STAAD/CHINA对搭架方案进行建模计算及校验,计算结果接近实际,提高了强度校验的效率。     

CT reconstruction with priori MRI images through multi-group datasets expansion

Computed tomography (CT) reconstruction with a well-registered priori magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image can improve reconstruction results with low-dose CT, because well-registered CT and MRI images have similar structures. However, in clinical settings, the CT image of patients does not always match the priori MRI image because of breathing and movement of patients during CT scanning. To improve the image quality in this case, multi-group datasets expansion is proposed in this paper. In our method, multi-group CT-MRI datasets are formed by expanding CT-MRI datasets. These expanded datasets can also be used by most existing CT-MRI algorithms and improve the reconstructed image quality when the CT image of a patient is not registered with the priori MRI image. In the experiments, we evaluate the performance of the algorithm by using multi-group CT-MRI datasets in several unregistered situations. Experiments show that when the CT and priori MRI images are not registered, the reconstruction results of using multi-group dataset expansion are better than those obtained without using the expansion.     

Reliability Modeling and Maintenance Policy Optimization for Deteriorating System Under Random Shock

Performance degradation and random shock are commonly regarded as two dependent competing risks for system failures. One method based on effective service age is proposed to jointly model the cumulative effect of random shock and system degradation, and the reliability model of degradation system under Nonhomogeneous Poisson processes (NHPP) shocks is derived. Under the assumption that preventive maintenance (PM) is imperfective and the corrective maintenance (CM) is minimal repair, one maintenance policy which combines PM and CM is presented. Moreover, the two decision variables, PM interval and the number of PMs before replacement, are determined by a multi-objective maintenance optimization method which simultaneously maximizes the system availability and minimizes the system long-run expect cost rate. Finally, the performance of the proposed maintenance optimization policy is demonstrated via a numerical example.     

钢檩条设计中的若干问题

轻型屋面钢檩条的竖向荷载、整体稳定性计算以及檩条与屋面梁、屋架的连接构造是设计的重要环节,本文结合规范和国家标准设计图的编制提出若干问题,供参考.     

Novel experimental strategy for high resolution AFM imaging of membrane-associated bacterial toxins

Bacterial pore-forming toxins （PFTs） are essential virulence factors of many human pathogens. Knowl- edge of their structure within the membrane is critical for an understanding of their function in pathogenesis and for the development of useful therapy. Atomic force microscopy （AFM） has often been employed to structurally interrogate many membrane proteins, including PFTs, owing to its ability to produce sub-nanometer resolution images of samples under aqueous solution. However, an absolute prerequisite for AFM studies is that the samples are single-layered and closely-packed, which is frequently challenging with PFTs. Here, using the prototypical member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin family of PFTs, perfringolysin O （PFO）, as a test sample, we have developed a simple, highly robust method that routinely produces clean, closely-packed samples across the entire specimen surface. In this approach, we first use a small Teflon well to prepare the supported lipid bilayer, remove the sample from the well, and then directly apply the proteins to the bilayer. For reasons that are not clear, bilayer preparation in the Teflon well is essential. We anticipate that this simple method will prove widely useful for the preparation of similar samples, and thereby enable AFM imaging of the greatest range of bacterial PFTs to the highest possible resolution.     

小直径盾构施工中管片纵向应力监测研究

为了探索小直径盾构法隧道在施工过程中管片纵向应力的变化规律,对北京槐房再生水厂污水隧道管片纵向应力进行了现场监测:将第976环、第1 054环管片分别设为第1和第2监测断面,2监测断面各预埋5个纵向应力计,各监测断面从本监测断面管片安装后即开始监测,当盾构掘进至第1 129环时停止监测。研究表明:1)在管片离开盾尾50环后,其纵向应力波动值小于管片拼装期间应力值的5%。2)在盾构掘进期间,管片距离盾构越远,其纵向压应力值越小。3)在管片拼装期间,管片距离盾构越远,其纵向压应力经历了先增大后减小的过程。4)管片距离盾构108环后,该管片纵向压应力趋近于0.2~0.3 MPa。5)随着盾构推进,管片纵向应力经历了4个阶段的变化过程,即周期性剧烈波动阶段—动态稳定阶段—逐渐衰减阶段—趋于稳定阶段。     

乙醇汽油对车辆颗粒物排放的影响

在符合国Ⅰ、国Ⅲ、国Ⅴ标准的3辆试验车上,分别燃用国Ⅴ汽油、低芳烃E10、低烯烃E10 3种燃料,进行了NEDC和WLTC工况下的常温冷起动排放试验,重点对颗粒物(PM)排放量和粒子数量(PN)进行分析。结果表明:在两种工况下,燃用乙醇汽油相比普通汽油能大幅降低车辆的PM排放,低芳烃E10对国Ⅰ和国Ⅲ车辆PM降低效果最明显,分别下降19%和35%,低烯烃E10对国Ⅴ车辆PM降低效果最好,下降46%;在WLTC工况下燃用乙醇汽油能大幅降低车辆PN排放,其中低芳烃E10平均降低43%,低烯烃E10平均降低32%。