风度A33型轿车发动机起动易熄火故障诊断分析

采用数据比较和零件互换的方法，分析了风度A33轿车发动机起动时易熄火故障产生的原因。指出对于电喷发动机轿车的故障诊断，首先要了解故障发生的条件、现象，必要时还要对故障加以验证；对于风度A33轿车，点火开关在“ON”位置处、空气流量计信号电压大于1．07V时，容易出现起动后熄火现象。     

单边索斜塔钢-混凝土结合梁斜拉桥塔梁根部应力分析

采用板 (壳 )、梁及三维实体单元相结合 ,对长沙市浏阳河洪山庙大桥塔梁根部区域进行空间有限元分析。分析表明 :主梁根部过渡段钢箱梁及混凝土的应力满足规范的限值要求 ,行车道板的剪力滞效应明显 ,徐变对主梁应力的分布影响显著 ;塔根部混凝土在施工过程及运营阶段均处于全截面受压状态 ,与试验结果相比较 ,吻合良好     

图像测量技术在汽车轴距差检测中的应用研究

通过采集汽车直行中轮胎印迹图像 ,利用偏差相对测量法 ,即先测出汽车单轴的偏斜量 ,然后计算出汽车轴距左右差。通过开发的检测系统进行试验 ,结果表明 ,检测精度满足汽车轴距左右差在线检测要求。     

基于CAN的混合动力汽车控制系统体系结构研究

在分析某型混合动力汽车的结构与工作原理的基础上，基于CAN总线技术，研究了控制系统的网络拓扑结构、节点功能及信息传递方式，以及硬件设计中的节点通信接口结构和控制系统的软件结构。其研究方法和结论为混合动力汽车以及其它类型车辆控制系统的研究和开发提供了理论依据和技术基础。     

Introduction: Habitual travel choice

In this introduction to the special issue on habitual travel choice, we provide a brief account of the role of habit in travel behaviour, discuss more generally what habitual choice is, and briefly review the issues addressed in the solicited papers. These issues include how habitual travel behaviour should be measured, how to model the learning process that makes travel choice habitual, and how to break and replace car-use habits.     

Storage space allocation in container terminals

Container terminals are essential intermodal interfaces in the global transportation network. Efficient container handling at terminals is important in reducing transportation costs and keeping shipping schedules. In this paper, we study the storage space allocation problem in the storage yards of terminals. This problem is related to all the resources in terminal operations, including quay cranes, yard cranes, storage space, and internal trucks. We solve the problem using a rolling-horizon approach. For each planning horizon, the problem is decomposed into two levels and each level is formulated as a mathematical programming model. At the first level, the total number of containers to be placed in each storage block in each time period of the planning horizon is set to balance two types of workloads among blocks. The second level determines the number of containers associated with each vessel that constitutes the total number of containers in each block in each period, in order to minimize the total distance to transport the containers between their storage blocks and the vessel berthing locations. Numerical runs show that with short computation time the method significantly reduces the workload imbalance in the yard, avoiding possible bottlenecks in terminal operations.     

A cross-country study of fairness and infringement on freedom as determinants of car owners' acceptance of road pricing

Jakobsson et al. (2000) found that in Sweden public acceptance of road pricing decreases if it is perceived to be unfair and to infringe on freedom. The present study reports a survey investigating whether the same effects are found in the Asian countries of Japan and Taiwan. The results indicate that fairness plays the same role. However, income had a direct effect on acceptance in Taiwan but not in Japan or Sweden.     

Correlation between automotive CO, HC, NO, and PM emission factors from on-road remote sensing: implications for inspection and maintenance programs

Carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NO) emission factors (EFs) are measured with a commercial vehicle emissions remote sensing system (VERSS) during a large-scale vehicle exhaust emissions study in Las Vegas. Particulate matter (PM) EFs are simultaneously measured for individual vehicles with a newly developed PM-VERSS based on ultraviolet backscatter light detection and ranging (Lidar). The effectiveness of CO and HC EFs as proxy for NO and PM EFs for spark-ignition vehicles is evaluated. Poor correlations were found between EFs for pollutants on an individual vehicle basis indicating that high EFs for one or more pollutants cannot be used as a predictor of high EFs for other pollutants. Stronger functional relationships became evident after averaging the EF data in bins based on rank-order of a single pollutant EF. Low overlap between the highest 10% emitters for CO, HC, NO, and PM was found. These results imply that for an effective reduction of the four pollutants, inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs, including clean screening, should measure all four pollutants individually. Fleet average CO and HC concentrations determined by gaseous VERSS were compared with fleet average CO and HC concentrations measured at low-idle and at high-idle during local I/M tests for spark-ignition vehicles. The fleet average CO concentrations measured by I/M tests at either idle were about half of those measured by remote sensing. The fleet average high-idle HC concentration measured by I/M tests was about half of that measured by VERSS while low-idle I/M and VERSS HC average concentrations were in better agreement. For a typical vehicle trip, most of the fuel is burned during non-idle conditions. I/M measurements collected during idling conditions may not be a good indicator of a vehicle’s potential to be a high emitter. VERSS measurements, when the vehicle is under a load, should more effectively identify high emitting vehicles that have a large contribution to the mobile emissions inventory.     

我国汽车金融业的发展现状及趋势展望

首先分析了国内外汽车金融业的发展状况，并从当前我国汽车金融业存在的问题入手，着重从内部和外部环境2个方面进行了分析，从而有针对性地提出了我国汽车金融服务的改革思路和解决相关问题的政策建议，并对未来发展趋势作出理性预测和判断，制度设计上更趋于合理、完善；服务质量和水平逐步与国际接轨；竞争推动下的具有中国特色的金融创新渐趋活跃。在此基础上笔者设想了一种银行一体化的营销模式，权当为未来银行汽车金融业务的开展作一有益尝试。