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Abstract This paper investigates the effect of travel time variability on drivers' route choice behavior in the context of Shanghai, China. A stated preference survey is conducted to collect drivers' hypothetical choice between two alternative routes with designated unequal travel time and travel time variability. A binary choice model is developed to quantify trade-offs between travel time and travel time variability across various types of drivers. In the model, travel time and travel time variability are, respectively, measured by expectation and standard deviation of random travel time. The model shows that travel time and travel time variability on a route exert similarly negative effects on drivers' route choice behavior. In particular, it is found that middle-age drivers are more sensitive to travel time variability and less likely to choose a route with travel time uncertainty than younger and elder drivers. In addition, it is shown that taxi drivers are more sensitive to travel time and more inclined to choose a route with less travel time. Drivers with rich driving experience are less likely to choose a route with travel time uncertainty. 相似文献
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为研究新冠肺炎疫情下武汉封城令对交通流的影响,基于新冠肺炎疫情期间浙江省移动手机漫游数据,采用数据挖掘和回归分析等方法,分析了交通流的时空分布及其与武汉封城令的关系。结果表明,武汉封城令发布后,浙江—湖北每日交通流量和疫区每日新增感染人数满足自然界的Taylor定律,即交通量的自然对数和疫区每日新增感染人数的自然对数线性负相关;人们往往倾向于在“不得不”离开的状态下逃离危险区域,而武汉封城令和紧急状态令对人口的出行影响具有1d的时间滞后性,其短期出行峰值持续时间为3d左右;政府发布武汉封城令使疫区交通出行量出现短期增长,但长期来看,使人们的交通出行更加谨慎,降低了流行病大范围传播的风险。据此,在全球新冠肺炎疫情加剧的形势下,建议政府部门可在海外各国疫情紧急发布状态后的1~3d内,实施海外输入交通流严格管控,并至少持续一周时间。 相似文献
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通过广泛收集大量相关资料、水下测量、工程补勘及室内试验,结合岸坡稳定的各种工况,循序渐进地反复试算,综合评价南宁市堤路园工程西园段路堤加载对岸坡稳定性的影响。研究结果认为,本工程场地是稳定的;现有的钢筋砼堤也是稳定的;该段路堤加载对岸坡不产生新的稳定性问题。西园段堤路园中的道路采用填土方案是可行的。该研究为江南堤路园工程西园段的建设提供决策依据,并为设计提供技术支持。 相似文献
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Régis Duvigneau Michel Visonneau Gan Bo Deng 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2003,8(1):11-25
The practical use of automated computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based design tools in the ship-building industry requires
powerful flow solvers which are able to take into account realistic geometries as well as complex physical phenomena, such
as turbulence. A shape optimization tool is developed in this framework. A derivative-free optimizer, yielding both flexibility
and robustness, is preferred to the classical gradient-based method, which is more difficult to implement and is still limited
to only moderately complex problems. The flow solver included in the design procedure solves the incompressible Reynolds-averaged
Navier–Stokes equations on unstructured grids using a finite-volume formulation involving several near-wall low-Reynolds-number
turbulence models. The design tool is used to optimize the stern of a modern hull shape at model and full scale, with different
purposes being considered. More precisely, the drag reduction and the homogenization of the flow in the wake are expected
by controlling the longitudinal vortex generated. Our interest is particularly focused on the influence of turbulence modeling
in the design process. The effects of a two-equation model based on the eddy-viscosity assumption and a second-order closure
relying on the Reynolds stress transport equations are compared.
Received: September 24, 2002 / Accepted: April 14, 2003
RID="*"
Acknowledgment. The authors thank the scientific committee of CINES (project dmn2050) for the attribution of CPU time. 相似文献
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She Junjun Wang Ziming Zhang Pengge Gan Weimin Cheng Wei Chong Tie Che Xiangming 《西安交通大学学报(英文版)》2007,19(2)
Objective To investigate the effects of low dosage of β-elemene on the radiosensitivity of rabbit VX2 renal transplant carcinoma model. Methods We took the rabbit VX2 renal transplant carcinoma as the model. Experimental rabbits were divided into three groups: the control group, the radiation group, and the radiation +β-elemene (radiosensitivity) group. The change of tumor was observed by Spiral CT and B ultrasound to compare its regrowth period. The tumor was measured by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Results The tumor in radiosensitivity group was restrained obviously and the sensitization enhancement ratio (SER) of β-elemene was 1.89. Different apoptosis was observed under transmission electron microscopy. Conclusion Low dosage β-elemene can enhance the radiosensitivity of rabbit VX2 renal transplant carcinoma model and induce the apoptosis of tumor cells, but the mechanism needs further study. It promotes apoptosis in mechanisms in vitro. 相似文献