State observer-based sliding mode control for semi-active hydro-pneumatic suspension

This paper proposes an improved virtual reference model for semi-active suspension to coordinate the vehicle ride comfort and handling stability. The reference model combines the virtues of sky-hook with ground-hook control logic, and the hybrid coefficient is tuned according to the longitudinal and lateral acceleration so as to improve the vehicle stability especially in high-speed condition. Suspension state observer based on unscented Kalman filter is designed. A sliding mode controller (SMC) is developed to track the states of the reference model. The stability of the SMC strategy is proven by means of Lyapunov function taking into account the nonlinear damper characteristics and sprung mass variation of the vehicle. Finally, the performance of the controller is demonstrated under three typical working conditions: the random road excitation, speed bump road and sharp acceleration and braking. The simulation results indicated that, compared with the traditional passive suspension, the proposed control algorithm can offer a better coordination between vehicle ride comfort and handling stability. This approach provides a viable alternative to costlier active suspension control systems for commercial vehicles.     

叶轮出口结构形式对压气机性能及轴向载荷影响分析

采用Numeca数值分析软件分析了3种不同出口结构形式的压气机叶轮性能,等出口大径情况下径流叶轮压比最高,斜流叶轮压比最低,效率方面则是半斜流叶轮最高。通过压气机流场分析发现,各转速小流量下,径流叶轮在叶轮出口轮缘一侧产生大范围的回流,斜流叶轮则在轮毂一侧产生较大范围的回流,而半斜流叶轮兼有径流叶轮和斜流叶轮设计特点,轮毂和轮缘两侧的流场均得到明显改善。在堵塞流量附近工况点,半斜流叶轮和斜流叶轮出口相对马赫数较径流叶轮略小,利于堵塞流量的增加。通过轴向载荷分析发现,由于斜流叶轮和半斜流叶轮相比等直径的径流叶轮压比较低,导致由压气机轮背指向压气机进口的轴向力减小,使得整个增压器转轴有向涡端运动的趋势,由此容易导致止推轴承压端磨损严重;与此同时,转轴移动也会使得叶轮与压气机蜗壳的轴向间隙增大,导致半斜流叶轮与斜流叶轮效率降低。     

Distribution of nitric oxide synthase, nerve growth factor receptor and interstitial cells of Cajal in hirschsprung's disease and its significance

Objective To investigate the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) and interstitial cells of Caial (ICCs) in Hirschsprung's disease (HD). Methods The distribution of NOS,NGFR and ICCs was studied by using NADPH diaphoruse histochemistry, immanohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody to human NGFR and the specific polycloual antibody against c-kit in 8 normal controls and 10 cases of HD.Results NOS and NGFR were abundantly present in the myenteric plexus and in the nerve fibers of musculature. ICCs were intensively distributed in the surface of circular musculature and around the myenteric plexus to form a network in normal control colon. In contrast, NOS and NGFR were scarce or absent in the myenteric plexus and in the nerve fibers of musculature, while the hypertrophic nerve trunks were NGFR positive, ICCs were scarcely distributed and the network was disrupted in the aganglionic colon in HD. Conclusion These findings suggest the Involvement of NOS,NGFR and ICCs in the patbophysiology of HD.     

类推适用的法理分析

从法理上分析,类推适用作为法律适用的重要方法,是法的形式理性与实践理性的辩证统一:是法的公平正义、安定性有条件的辩证统一;而法官自由裁量权是类推适用之前提、保障和制约.     

碱性铝电池添加剂的研究概况

添加剂对改善铝电池的性能具有十分重要的作用.本文综述了碱性铝电池中添加剂的研究现状,详细的概述了添加剂的作用机理,并指出了添加剂研究存在的问题及未来的发展方向.     

注浆加固技术在宁夏同沿高速公路中的应用

路基不均匀沉降严重影响公路工程质量,采用注浆技术对路基进行加固能有效处理此类问题.文章结合宁夏境内同(心)-沿(川子)高速公路工程实践,对注浆加固技术的机理、施工工艺和质量检验等进行介绍.     

管道通径仪仿真牵拉实验系统

介绍了管道内检测通径仪仿真牵拉实验系统的组成及工作原理,并通过大量实验证明该仿真实验系统可以有效地对通径仪各种工作性能进行验证,解决了进行实际牵拉实验困难的问题,对管道内检测设备在进行管道现场工业施工过程中准确地测量管道里程起着关键作用,从而在进行管道维修开挖时能够更准确,明显减小了管道维修开挖的误差。     

250000 DWT超大型矿砂船总体设计

上海船舶研究设计院为山东海运股份有限公司研发和设计的250 000 DWT超大型矿砂船,主要用于中国和澳大利亚之间铁矿石运输,是能够进入澳大利亚主要港口的最大型船舶。着重介绍了该超大型矿砂船的主尺度及主要参数选取、船舶快速性研究、总布置及分舱布置和压载水配置优化等。该船设计充分体现了"安全、经济、环保、舒适"的原则,满足EEDI、压载水处理等最新的国际规范规则和环保要求。     

铅垂线法在重力式码头方块安装定位中的应用

通过重力式码头方块安装定位方式的比较,结合几内亚项目工程施工实际,提出测量架定位法与水上、水下基准线法相结合的铅垂线法测量定位方法,可提高方块安装效率、保证安装质量,为类似工程提供参考。