Advanced permanent magnet motor drive modeling for automotive application under matlab/simulink environment

This paper proposes an advanced permanent magnet (PM) motor drive modeling for dynamic analysis of automotive control systems with PM motor drives. To enhance the reusability of the proposed PM motor drive model, each component is modeled in an object-oriented manner according to the physical partitioning of a real drive system, and userfriendly and well-organized interfaces are also proposed. These characteristics enable this model to be used as a kind of a programming library. A multi-level modeling strategy is also proposed, which helps make a compromise between model accuracy and simulation speed without structural modification of the system model. The model and modeling strategy developed allow for a comprehensive analysis of each component and dynamic analysis of the total system. System simulation results show the practical effectiveness of the proposed modeling strategy.     

Vibrational characteristics of automotive transmission

A mathematical model of an automotive transmission is developed, that considers the flexibility of the shafts, bearings, and gear teeth, and gyroscopic effects of geared rotors. The transverse, torsional, and axial motions are strongly coupled due to helical gearing. The excitation forces acting on the automotive transmission are classified into first, second, and third grades, based on the magnitudes of the forces that are determined by the perturbation method. The excitation forces are caused by the mass imbalances among gears, misalignment of shafts, clearance and non-linear deformation of bearings, transmission errors, and the periodic variation of the gear mesh stiffness. A bench test on loading conditions is carried out for the third speed of the automotive transmission. The experimental results of vibration characteristics are compared with those from theoretical analysis. The results show good agreement, i.e., within a tolerance of 3.3%.     

联络通道冻结法施工三维力学分析

应用人工冻结土体技术开挖隧道的联络通道,涉及到土体冻结的热力学作用以及冰冻土体与隧道结构相互影响等一系列复杂的物理力学过程。采用FLAC3D建立主隧道、联络通道及冻结管的三维数值模型,综合考虑了温度计算、冻土与非冻土的转变及土体的冻胀作用,研究了人工冻结法对隧道管片及周围土体的力学响应。通过对冻胀率参数敏感度分析,研究土体冻结变形、冻胀力及隧道管片内力的变化,所得到的初步结果对冻结法施工有着实际的工程意义。     

Experimental study of the characteristics of idle vibrations that result from axial forces and the spider positions of constant velocity joints

The vibrational characteristics of automotives during idling were studied experimentally by considering the axial forces of the drive shaft and the spider positions in a constant-velocity joint. The generated forces, such as PF (plunging force) and GAF (generated axial force) in the assembly of the drive-shaft module, were measured directly by an experimental apparatus. Measurements of the GAF and PF did not show the same trends as the joint angles. They depended instead on the types of CV joints. In addition, the relationship between the offset values of the shaft and the spider positions in the tulip of the constant-velocity joint were studied. As a result, the idle vibration characteristics were affected by the variation of the spider positions and the vibrational characteristics in the axial direction of the shaft, including the amplitude and the harmonic periods.     

Assessment of an engine cylinder head-block joint using finite element analysis

An engine cylinder head-block joint is a gasketed, bolted joint. Assessment of sealing performance and fatigue durability of the joint during engine development relies entirely on the engine dynamometer test because the rig test cannot mimic the engine run condition and finite element analysis employs gasket and bolt models that are too simple to provide the stress data for fatigue assessment. This paper introduces finite element-based assessment of the gasket and the bolt and a model that improves the analysis accuracy without increasing computation time. Experimental data for the deformation of joint members under thermo-mehanical load are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the model.     

A study on the weld characteristics of 5182 aluminum alloy by Nd:Yag laser welding with filler wire for car bodies

Defects such as porosity, underfill, and magnesium loss occur during laser welding of 5182 aluminum alloy. To compensate for these problems, AA5356 filler wire was used in our present work. To investigate the weld characteristics of the filler wire, experiments were performed with laser power, welding speed, and wire feed rate as the control variables. Bead appearance, bead shape, penetration depth, tensile strength, and the Erichsen ratio were observed as weld characteristic variables. The range of full penetration was reduced as laser power decreased and welding speed and wire feed rate increased. Without filler wire, full penetration was formed under all conditions. However, with filler wire, the range of conditions necessary to form full penetration was reduced as the wire feed rate increased because the heat input was used to melt both of the filler wire and the base metal. Filler wire increased the tensile strength and the Erichsen ratio. Using analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was shown that laser power had a greater influence on tensile strength and the Erichsen ratio among the three control variables. It was also found that tensile strength was closely related to the Erichsen ratio because the coefficient of correlation was 0.899.     

Total oil spill costs and compensations

Although counteracting environmental programmes and policies have been strengthened, large oil spills still occur at irregular intervals. The total oil spill costs and their compensations have attracted much interest from various parties, such as local stakeholders, and state and federal governments. This paper addresses five major cost categories whose aggregations are expected to cover the overall direct and indirect costs after the release of an oil spill. Among them, research costs should not be neglected, since they tend to be high if public attention has been drawn to the case. Through an examination of the relationship between the total oil spill costs and their admissible claims, we found that:

1. admissible claims do not cover the overall costs of the oil spill, and

2. admissible claims cannot be compensated in full in the case of large spills.

Clearly, a sound oil spill contingency management aims to minimize both the environmental impacts of areas most at risk and the total oil spill costs. In this paper an economic model for measuring environmental damages following an oil spill is addressed and applied to the Prestige case which happened to be the worst oil pollution in the history of Spain. The model indicates how an ideally a priori economic evaluation may intuitively help managers to make informed as well as fast decisions in contingency cases.     

Closed-Loop Directional Stability of Car-Trailer Combinations in Straight-Line Motion

This work focuses on the interaction between a driver and a car-trailer combination. A model characterizing human operator behavior in regulation task is employed to study directional stability of the overall system. The vehicle-trailer model retains nonlinear cornering force and other kinematic nonlinearities. Linear stability of the straight line motion is analyzed by the application of Routh-Hurwitz criteria and stability boundaries in parameter space are constructed by setting appropriate Hurwitz determinant to zero. It is shown that two types of transition in stability are possible in the driver/car-trailer system. They correspond to one pair or two pairs of complex conjugate eigenvalues crossing the imaginary axis simultaneously. The implications in terms of resulting motions for the nonlinear system are also discussed. It is shown that stabilization of the combination can be achieved by adding a passive controller at the articulation point. Articulation damper turns out to be a more useful device for controlling trailer oscillations instability although a combination of damper and torsional spring would be a more ideal solution.