国内外合成闸瓦力学性能和摩擦性能的研究

利用材料试验机、冲击试验仪、制动动力试验台等检测仪器设备,对国内外合成闸瓦的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能等进行了综合测试和分析。结果表明,国外合成闸瓦的冲击强度高,压缩强度和压缩模量低,摩擦因数低于我国闸瓦,磨耗量较小。因此,国外合成闸瓦具有良好的使用性能和较长的使用寿命。     

钢绞线预应力施工中常见问题的原因分析及处理

预应力钢绞线施工在我国各类桥梁施工中有着广泛应用,但在施工中有时会遇到钢绞线伸长量不足、滑丝、断丝、锚下开裂等情况,结合贵广铁路桂林北至定江左右客车联络线特大桥现浇梁施工,提出了对预应力钢绞线施工中常见问题的分析及处理方案,对确保预应力结构安全使用、最大限度发挥结构设计功能和使用寿命提供了经验。     

基于疲劳损伤机理的混凝土冻融劣化模型分析

结合动弹性模量相对值的变化特点,对不同系列的混凝土试件进行了抗冻试验,基于疲劳损伤机理建立了混凝土冻融劣化模型,并引用相关试验数据对模型进行了验证,结果表明建立的模型与冻融试验数据相关性非常好,能够较好地反映混凝土冻融损伤劣化规律,可作为预测混凝土冻融损伤和寿命的新方法。     

构建地铁运营企业应急预案体系

在对近年来国内外地铁发生的突发事件因素分析的基础上,以南京地铁运营分公司为例,提出对地铁运营企业构建突发事件应急预案体系的一种设计方案,包括应急预案体系的分类、分级,以及应急演练管理和应急救援队伍建设等内容。     

Catalytic Combustion of Lean Methane Assisted by Electric Field over Pd/Co<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> Catalysts at Low Temperature

A series of Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts were prepared by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS) method in this study, and electric field was applied for catalytic combustion of lean methane over Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts at low temperature. When electric field was applied, the catalytic combustion performance of Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts was greatly improved, and the application of electric field could reduce the load of active element Pd to some extent while maintaining the same efficiency. Based on experimental tests and the analysis results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H₂-temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in-situ DRIFTS), the mechanism of catalytic oxidation of CH₄ over Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts in electric field was proposed. The catalytic combustion of CH₄ occurs only when the temperature is higher than 250 °C normally, but when electric field was applied, the whole process of CH₄ oxidation was promoted significantly and the reaction temperature was reduced. Electric field could promote the reduction of the support Co₃O₄ to release the lattice oxygen, resulting in the increase of PdO_x and the surface chemisorbed oxygen, which could provide more active sites for the low-temperature oxidation of CH₄. Furthermore, electric field could accelerate the dehydroxylation of CoOOH to further enhance the activity of the catalysts.     

工字梁少筋微弯板组合梁桥检测与加固计算

通过对白洋淀大桥的系统检测,将检测数据和理论计算进行比较,对检测结果进行分析研究,得出了旧桥的承载工况。提出了此桥的加固方案,并对加固方案进行了理论计算。加固后的桥梁满足现行公路-Ⅰ级荷载标准。     

黄岭隧道冬季施工技术浅议

介绍在东北严寒条件下,如何保证隧道正常开挖和初期支护,并介绍两种冬季施工技术措施。     

Severity of pedestrian injuries due to traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong: a Bayesian spatial logit model

The present study intended to (1) investigate the injury risk of pedestrian casualties involved in traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong; (2) determine the effect of pedestrian volumes on the severity levels of pedestrian injuries; and (3) explore the role of spatial correlation in econometric crash‐severity models. The data from 1889 pedestrian‐related crashes at 318 signalized intersections between 2008 and 2012 were elaborately collected from the Traffic Accident Database System maintained by the Hong Kong Transport Department. To account for the cross‐intersection heterogeneity, a Bayesian hierarchical logit model with uncorrelated and spatially correlated random effects was developed. An intrinsic conditional autoregressive prior was specified for the spatial correlation term. Results revealed that (1) signalized intersections with greater pedestrian volumes generally exhibited a lower injury risk; (2) ignoring the spatial correlation potentially results in reduced model goodness‐of‐fit, an underestimation of variability and standard error of parameter estimates, as well as inconsistent, biased, and erroneous inference; (3) special attention should be paid to the following factors, which led to a significantly higher probability of pedestrians being killed or sustaining severe injury: pedestrian age greater than 65 years, casualties with head injuries, crashes that occurred on footpaths that were not obstructed/overcrowded, heedless or inattentive crossing, crashes on the two‐way carriageway, and those that occurred near tram or light‐rail transit stops. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A self-regulation traffic-condition-based route guidance strategy with realistic considerations: Overlapping routes,stochastic traffic,and signalized intersections

Variable message signs that provide various types of route guidance information have been widely deployed in large cities. To release proper information only using easily collected data, a simple traffic-condition-based (TCB) route guidance strategy was recently proposed. The strategy works based on the estimation of free-flow and congested traffic conditions and is capable of approximating user optimal equilibrium stably. Due to little consideration of the complexity of urban road networks, the TCB strategy is still away from field applications in urban areas. To further push the strategy toward field tests, this article improves the TCB strategy in the following aspects: supplementing the strategy with a self-regulation ability by considering existing traffic conditions; decomposing link capacity to solve the problem of overlapping routes by comparing link capacity on alternative routes; coping with stochastic traffic; and the impact of signalized intersections by utilizing aggregated data. A scenario for an urban road network in Beijing, China, is simulated to test the improved strategy, and the simulation results clearly indicate the effectiveness of the proposed improvements. The improvements extend the TCB strategy on moderately complicated urban road networks, and still have the advantages of simple diversion rules, easily obtained input data, and stable and effective diversion processes.     

面向售后的汽车设计开发方法

为提高汽车产品的质量,文章描述了售后工程在设计开发阶段的概念和方法,引入了"良好的售后源于开发"的理念,并介绍了如何将这些方法应用到汽车开发流程中。售后工程的方法和流程增加了汽车自主开发的一个环节。