公路网规划后评价指标体系的构建和优化

首先提出公路网规划后评价指标体系构建的思路,制定指标选取的原则;根据后评价指标选取原则对发展预测子系统、路网发展规模测算子系统、建设实施安排子系统进行指标筛选,得到由42个指标构成的初始指标体系;针对不同层次的公路网规划进行相应的指标选取分析,并以区域公路网规划后评价指标体系构建为例,对初始指标体系进行优化研究,给出指标优化框架设计,通过构造判断矩阵、编程计算对初始指标体系进行优化,经过3轮迭代删除13个次要指标得到由29个指标构成的最终指标体系。     

饲料加硼对摄入过量氟的实验大鼠骨损伤的预防作用

目的探讨饲料加硼对过量氟摄入的大鼠骨损伤的预防作用。方法24只4-5周龄Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠分为:对照组(喂饲基础饲料,饮蒸馏水)、过量氟组[喂饲基础饲料,饮含100mg/LF-(氟化钠221mg/L的蒸馏水)]、硼预防组(喂饲加硼饲料,饮含100mg/LF-的蒸馏水)。实验3月后测量大鼠血清氟、硼含量及血清碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)活性、骨氟和骨总RNA含量、胫骨纵径横径和干重及骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD),并检测大鼠股骨生物力学特性。结果和对照组比较,过量氟组大鼠血清氟、骨氟含量和血清AKP活性显著增高;骨总RNA含量、全身骨骼平均BMD和胫骨BMD降低;胫骨纵径、横径和干重减小;股骨最大负荷减低,最大形变增加。相比过量氟组,硼预防组大鼠血清氟和骨氟含量及AKP活性明显下降;骨总RNA含量、全身骨骼平均BMD、腰椎和胫骨BMD显著增高;胫骨纵径、横径和干重,股骨最大负荷明显增加。3组大鼠血清硼含量无显著性差异。结论大鼠摄入过量氟可出现明显的骨损伤,饲料加硼对此有一定的预防作用。     

Sensitivity analysis of parameters for multi-stand roll forming using a new booting model

Multi-stand roll forming is a process that has very complicated deformation behaviour and shows significant nonlinearity.In this paper, the sensitivity analysis of parameters for multi-stand roll forming was performed via a new booting finite element method(FEM) model.Compared with the most of simulation, the new model is more consistent with production process and can account for the effects of roll rotating speed.Based on the model, the process of an open section channel formed with 10 passes was simulated and the sensitivity analysis was conducted with orthogonal experiment design combined FEM model.The multi-stand roll forming process can be efficiently analyzed by the new booting model.And sensitivity analysis shows the hardening exponent plays an important role in controlling the quality of the products.     

土工格栅加筋路堤影响因素研究

在野外修筑了4段连为一体的试验路堤,其中3段含土工格栅加筋层,格栅层间距各不相同.用土压力盒测量了每段路堤底部的竖向土压力.在试验研究的基础上建立有限元模型,模型得到了试验数据的验证.用该模型对土工格栅加筋路堤进行了计算分析,探讨了加筋层间距以及路堤土的内摩擦角、粘聚力和弹性模量对加筋路堤沉降和应力分布的影响规律.得到以下主要结论:(1)加筋路堤的表面沉降随格栅层间距的减小而减小,其根本原因是加筋路堤内部的竖向应力随格栅层间距的减小而降低,而水平应力却随之增加;(2)加筋路堤的整体性和竖向变形的均匀性随格栅层间距的减小而提高,这有利于改善路面结构的受力和变形条件,从而延长路面的使用寿命.     

边坡防护室内水力冲刷模拟试验及降雨入渗分析

阐述了边坡防护室内水力冲刷模拟试验的目的、方法和步骤.针对不同边坡防护型式、不同坡率、不同土质状况的五种试件进行了降雨入渗试验,对结果进行了分析,并总结出不同工况下的降雨入渗规律.     

奥运与北京城市轨道交通规划建设

北京奥运会的召开促使北京社会经济发展进入了新阶段,奥运的高标准、高要求推动了城市基础设施的建设,特别是引领北京城市轨道交通建设进入了飞速发展时期。简要论述了奥运前和近期北京城市轨道交通建设规划概况,并阐述了可持续发展、与城市重大功能区发展一体化、交通一体化的轨道交通规划理念。介绍了奥运轨道交通线网覆盖范围,在此基础上提出了奥运交通圈层划分,并重点对奥运支线的线路运营组织方案做了分析。最后,指出要加强对奥运轨道交通车站周边交通衔接设施的使用,进一步扩大公共交通系统的服务范围。     

Mechanical properties of asphalt pavement structure in highway tunnel

A linear full 3D finite element method （FEM） was performed in order to present the key design parameters of highway tunnel asphalt pavement under double-wheel load on rectangular loaded area considering horizontal contact stress induced by the acceleration/deceleration of vehicles. The key design parameters are the maximum horizontal tensile stresses at the surface of the asphalt layer, the maximum horizontal tensile stresses at the bottom of the asphalt layer and the maximum vertical shear stresses at the surface of the asphalt layer were calculated. The influencing factors such as double-wheel weight; asphalt layer thickness; base course stiffness modulus and thickness; and the contact conditions among the structure layers on these key design parameters were also examined separately to propose construction procedures of highway tunnel asphalt pavement.     

集中力作用下预应力FRP增强RC梁的界面应力分析

对受集中荷载作用的预应力FRP片材增强钢筋混凝土梁的界面应力分布进行了理论分析.在弹性理论的基础上,对结构进行受力分析,推导出集中荷载作用下界面剪应力和正应力的计算公式.结果表明,界面正应力不但与荷载和初始预应力的大小、梁的尺寸、粘贴层的弹性模量、剪切模量及厚度有关,还受到FRP弹性模量、厚度及粘贴长度的影响.界面正应力和剪应力在FRP的端部绝对值最大,并且往跨中方向迅速减小.     

Travel Behavior Analysis of the Females in Beijing

In urban life, compared with the same age group of male contrast, the statistical indicators of female travel behavior show significant differences. According to the sample data of Beijing 2005 travel survey, the paper analyzes the female travel behavior in the travel rate, travel consumption, trip purpose, and travel mode. Furthermore, the paper introduces the concept of the trip chain, to construct a female morning commuter trip chain choice behavior model with noncollection theories and methods, to analyze 10 factors that influence a female individual's choice of a trip chain from the source. Subsequently, model parameters are estimated, to calculate the incidents that can help to quantitatively understand the impact of each factor on a female's choice of the trip chain. The results show that the travel rate of elderly women is far lower than that of elderly men. Female travel proportion in shopping and social activities is obviously higher than that of male travelers, and factors related to the structure of families create important constraints in their average travel time consumption. The main travel mode of the female is walking, which is far more than that of a male. Age, whether they hold licenses, monthly income, and transport ownership are dominant factors for the female's choice of the trip chain.     

55岁以上自然人群中帕金森病患者认知功能障碍的临床研究

目的　了解 55岁以上自然人群中帕金森病 (Parkinson sdisease ,PD)患者认知功能障碍的发生情况。方法　以流行病学调查资料为基础 ,采用非配对的病例对照研究方法 ,分析 55岁以上自然人群中PD患者认知功能障碍的发生率 ,评估认知功能障碍发生的相对危险性。结果　 55岁以上自然人群中 ,PD组和非帕金森病 (noParkinson sdis ease,NOPD)组认知功能障碍的发生率分别为 2 7.78%、5.55% ;年龄调整的发生率分别为 16.2 0 %、9.87%。与同一自然人群中NOPD组比较 ,PD组发生认知功能障碍的危险性明显增高 ,但主要增加低年龄组 (55～ 74岁 )中老年人发生认知功能障碍的危险性 (OR =8.59,95%CI :3 .13～ 2 3 .80 ) ;而且PD是低年龄中老年人发生认知功能障碍和痴呆的独立危险因素 (OR =6.2 7,95%CI :2 .3 5～ 19.2 7;OR =5.50 ,95%CI :1.52～ 19.94)。年龄调整的MMSE分值的均值PD组明显低于NOPD组 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　PD主要增加低年龄 (55～ 74岁 )中老年人认知功能障碍发生的危险性 ,而且PD认知功能障碍是疾病本身所致