Getting by with a little help from my friends…and family: immigrants and carpooling

While much of the scholarly literature on immigrants’ travel focuses on transit use, the newest arrivals to the United States make over twelve times as many trips by carpool as by transit. Using the 2001 National Household Travel Survey and multinomial logit mode choice models, we examine the determinants of carpooling. In particular, we focus on the likelihood of carpooling among immigrants—carpooling both within and across households. After controlling for relevant determinants of carpooling, we find that immigrants are far more likely to form household carpools than native-born adults and also are more likely than the native-born to form external carpools (outside the household). Moreover, when faced with the options of carpooling and public transit, immigrants—even recent arrivals—appear to prefer carpools over transit more strongly than the native born.     

可变压缩比技术对发动机性能影响的研究

从理论上分析了可变压缩比技术在汽车发动机上应用的必要性,详细阐述了可变压缩比技术的应用对改善发动机的燃烧过程,综合提高发动机的动力性和经济性,降低发动机的废气排放污染等方面的意义。     

Tire Lateral Force Estimation Using Kalman Filter

As for the tire analysis, lateral tire force is a fundamental factor that describes the stability of vehicle handling. Attempts to analyze the vehicle stability have been made based on various objective test methods and some specific factors such as yaw, lateral acceleration and roll angle. However, the problem to identify which axle is lack of the tire grip at a certain situation still remains. Since indoor tire force measurement system cannot represent a real road and vehicle conditions, tire force measurement through a real vehicle test is inevitable. Due to the high price of the tire force measurement device, tire force estimator can be an alternative toward cost reduction and device failure. In this paper, nonlinear planar full car model combined with tire model is proposed. Then, using discrete-time extended Kalman-Bucy filter (EKBF), individual tire lateral force are estimated with modified relaxation length model.     

港口引航综合业务信息平台的设计与实现

引航工作是国家行使主权的象征,同时也是一项高风险的工作.为了保障我国引航的安全、高效,通过分析引航工作的实际需求,采用基于GIS的多层叠加显示模型和AIS、DGPS、数据融合等先进技术与水流监测仪、视频监控等先进装备,构建集调度排班、船舶动态查询、引航辅助技术于一体的引航综合业务信息平台.该平台通过广域网、局域网和AIS无线通信网接收来自各终端设备的实时数据,包括船舶动态信息、航道视频监控信息、实时水流信息等数据,并实时在平台窗口中更新显示,用户可以通过该平台查询船舶、锚地、泊位、水深、航标等与船舶引航安全相关的数据,为船舶安全引航提供辅助决策支持.     

时域有限元方法分析微波电路

时域有限元方法（Finite Element Time Domain Method—FETD）是近几年发展起来的一种可用于分析复杂电磁问题的数值方法。它可以对目标的复杂几何结构和介质组成特性进行精确模拟,其分析结果比频域分析方法更具有直观性。文章基于FETD,分析了两种典型的微波电路—微带低通滤波器（Microstrip Lowpass Filter）和共面带状线（CPS）。     

厢式载货汽车模型风洞试验技术的研究

风洞试验是进行汽车空气动力学研究的重要手段，介绍了试验数据系统，论述了用小型航空风洞进行厢式载货汽车模型试验时雷诺数，堵塞比，模拟地板等重要技术问题，给出厢式载货汽车改善气动阻力特性的试验结果。     

Monolithic coupling of the pressure and rigid body motion equations in computational marine hydrodynamics

In Fluid Structure Interaction(FSI) problems encountered in marine hydrodynamics, the pressure field and the velocity of the rigid body are tightly coupled. This coupling is traditionally resolved in a partitioned manner by solving the rigid body motion equations once per nonlinear correction loop, updating the position of the body and solving the fluid flow equations in the new configuration. The partitioned approach requires a large number of nonlinear iteration loops per time–step. In order to enhance the coupling, a monolithic approach is proposed in Finite Volume(FV) framework,where the pressure equation and the rigid body motion equations are solved in a single linear system. The coupling is resolved by solving the rigid body motion equations once per linear solver iteration of the pressure equation, where updated pressure field is used to calculate new forces acting on the body, and by introducing the updated rigid body boundary velocity in to the pressure equation. In this paper the monolithic coupling is validated on a simple 2D heave decay case. Additionally, the method is compared to the traditional partitioned approach(i.e. "strongly coupled" approach) in terms of computational efficiency and accuracy. The comparison is performed on a seakeeping case in regular head waves, and it shows that the monolithic approach achieves similar accuracy with fewer nonlinear correctors per time–step. Hence, significant savings in computational time can be achieved while retaining the same level of accuracy.     

AHP中可省去构造判断矩阵的广义标度法

从次序一致性和完全一致性关系的讨论出发,指出传统标度方法构造判断矩阵出现不一致性的原因在于违反了次序一致性原则;提出广义标度的定义,基于比例标度的性质和等级差的思想给出广义标度方法的步骤.运用此法可以构造完全一致性的判断矩阵,省去AHP中构造判断矩阵和一致性检验的步骤.给出广义标度下求权重的计算公式,使AHP方法的使用更加简单.     

IL-1β、IL-6对人冠脉平滑肌细胞表达基质金属蛋白酶-3的影响

目的探讨炎症因子白介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)对人冠脉平滑肌细胞表达基质金属蛋白酶-3(matrix metalloproteinase-3,MMP-3)的影响。方法①采用20μg/L的IL-1β、10μg/L的IL-6各自刺激人冠脉平滑肌细胞,共同培养0、2、4、8、24、36 h后收集细胞;②采用不同质量浓度的IL-1β(0、5、20、40μg/L)、IL-6(0、5、10、50μg/L)刺激人冠脉平滑肌细胞,共同培养6 h后收集细胞。③应用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测细胞内MMP-3基因的表达量。结果①在同剂量IL-1β、IL-6刺激下,MMP-3的表达量在2 h时就开始发生上调,8 h达高峰,而后开始下降;②在不同剂量IL-1β、IL-6刺激下,MMP-3的表达量在实验剂量范围内随着剂量的加大呈上升趋势(IL-1β:r=0.907,P=0.000;IL-6:r=0.919,P=0.000)。各因子不同剂量组MMP-3的表达量均具有显著性差异(IL-1β:F=24.047,P=0.000;IL-6:F=14.081,P=0.001)。IL-1β20μg/L和40μg/L组间MMP-3表达量没有显著性差异(P=0.154),IL-6 5μg/L和10μg/L组间MMP-3表达量没有显著性差异(P=0.292)。结论炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6能促进冠脉平滑肌细胞中斑块稳定相关标记物MMP-3的表达,这可能是炎症在急性冠脉综合征发生发展中的重要作用机制之一。     

Intelligent drug delivery system using UML diagrams analysis

A novel intelligent drug delivery system potential for the more effective therapy of the diabeticswas proposed, and the composition of system was analyzed. Based on the design of micro-electro-mechanicalsystems (MEMS), an iterative modeling process was introduced. Unified modeling language (UML) was em-ployed to describe the function requirement, and different diagrams were built up to explore the static model,the dynamic model and the employment model. The mapping analysis of different diagrams can simply verifythe consistency and completeness of the system model.