增压比对汽油机燃烧及性能影响的试验研究

在一台2.0L涡轮增压汽油机上试验研究了全负荷工况下转速和增压比对发动机燃烧和性能的影响.结果表明,加大增压比提高了压缩行程的缸内压力,发动机的动力性大幅度提升,增压比每增加0.1个单位,缸内压力增加0.03～0.05MPa,转矩增加12 ～15N·m.同一转速下的瞬时放热率峰值随着增压比的增加而增大;滞燃期随着转速的...     

混合动力汽车再生制动的归类及其应用

按不同的制动控制策略,将混合动力汽车再生制动系统分为具有最佳制动效果的串联制动、具有最佳能最回收率的串联制动和并联制动3种类型,并分别对它们进行了分析.提出了基于SOC、车速和制动踏板位置,动态地控制冉生制动转矩的控制策略,并将其应用于一款并联混合动力汽车上.测试结果表明:所制定的制动控制策略,可在保证安伞的前提下,更多地回收制动能量,并有较好的制动感觉.     

基于层次分析法的无人机作战模糊决策研究

基于无人机在现代战争中的定位,分析了影响无人机作战决策的各个因素,将层次分析法应用于无人机作战决策之中,提出了一种无人机作战模糊决策方法。     

磁流变阻尼器动态特性研究

为更好地研究磁流变阻尼器应用于舰船设备抗冲击的控制方法,需要准确、全面了解其动态力学特性。对磁流变阻尼器的动态特性进行试验研究,详细讨论速度、振幅、频率、电流等各个因素对阻尼力的影响。结果表明,在低速区域阻尼器的阻尼力以不可控的粘滞阻尼力为主,阻尼力随速度的变化明显;在高速区域,阻尼力以磁流变液屈服引起的库仑阻尼力为主,阻尼力随速度的变化不大,而主要决定于控制电流,但是随着电流的增大,出现饱和现象;振幅和频率主要影响磁流变阻尼力的粘滞阻尼力,随频率和振幅的增加,速度的变化范围也明显增大,但是在相同的速度下,频率和振幅对阻尼力的影响不明显。为进一步获得磁流变阻尼器动态特性参数及研究舰船设备抗冲击半主动控制方法提供了重要依据。     

Income-contingent user preferences in policy evaluation: application and discussion based on multi-agent transport simulations

Standard economic policy evaluation allows the realization of projects if the aggregated economic benefit outweighs their costs. The use of one single aggregated welfare measure for evaluating and ranking projects has often been criticized for many reasons. A major issue is that differentiated effects on individuals or subgroups of the population are not taken into consideration. This leads to the need for transport planning tools that provide additional information for politicians and decision makers. The microscopic multi-agent simulation approach presented in this paper is capable of helping to design better solutions in such situations. In particular, it is shown that the inclusion of individual income in utility calculations allows a better understanding of problems linked to public acceptance. First, individual income-contingent utility functions are estimated based on survey data in order to describe human mobility behavior. Subsequently, using the MATSim framework, the implementation is tested in a test scenario. Furthermore, and going beyond Franklin (2006), it is shown that the approach works in a large-scale real world example. Based on a hypothetical speed increase of public transit, effects on the welfare distribution of the population are discussed. It is shown that the identification of winners and losers seems to be quite robust. However, results indicate that a conversion or aggregation of individual utility changes for welfare analysis is highly dependent on the functional form of the utility functions as well as on the choice of the aggregation procedure.     

A random utility maximization (RUM) based dynamic activity scheduling model: Application in weekend activity scheduling

The paper presents a modeling framework for dynamic activity scheduling. The modeling framework considers random utility maximization (RUM) assumption for its components in order to capture the joint activity type, location and continuous time expenditure choice tradeoffs over the course of the day. The dynamics of activity scheduling process are modeled by considering the history of activity participation as well as changes in time budget availability over the day. For empirical application, the model is estimated for weekend activity scheduling using a dataset (CHASE) collected in Toronto in 2002–2003. The data set classifies activities into nine general categories. For the empirical model of a 24-h weekend activity scheduling, only activity type and time expenditure choices are considered. The estimated empirical model captures many behavioral details and gives a high degree of fit to the observed weekend scheduling patterns. Some examples of such behavioral details are the effects of time of the day on activity type choice for scheduling and on the corresponding time expenditure; the effects of travel time requirements on activity type choice for scheduling and on the corresponding time expenditure, etc. Among many other findings, the empirical model reveals that on the weekend the utility of scheduling Recreational activities for later in the day and over a longer duration of time is high. It also reveals that on the weekend, Social activity scheduling is not affected by travel time requirements, but longer travel time requirements typically lead to longer-duration social activities.     

Analyzing the time frame for the transition from leisure-cyclist to commuter-cyclist

A recent survey reported that many commuter-cyclists had enjoyed leisure bicycling on a regular basis prior to becoming a commuter-cyclist. While bicycling for leisure, it is assumed that they considered various factors that led them to consider becoming commuter-cyclists. This study began with the question of how long it would take for a leisure-cyclist to become a commuter-cyclist, and it focused on the time that elapsed between leisure-cyclists transitioning to commuter-cycling. In order to analyze the time frame, it was hypothesized that the probability that a leisure-cyclist would become a commuter-cyclist at a certain time would be conditional on the duration that elapsed from the onset of leisure cycling till that time, which represents the “snowballing” or “inertial” dynamics of duration. A robust methodology, which is known as the “hazard model,” was adopted to accommodate such characteristics of a time period. In addition, various external covariates such as individual-specific characteristics, variables associated with the current or previous commuting mode, supply variables regarding bicycle facilities, and individual latent propensities were adopted to account for the duration of changes that would be generally applicable. As a result, many useful results were derived that could be used in fomenting policies to promote cycling to work. It was found that government should invest in establishing segregated lanes for leisure- and commuter-cyclists. It also turned out that a long distance to work hinders a leisure-cyclist from progressing to commuter-cycling. According to the results, young white-collar workers who live in high-rise apartments and enjoy intensive leisure-cycling in groups, are a good target toward whom promotions for commuter-cycling should be focused. However, an unfortunate development was that, when compared with car-commuters, it was found that transit-commuters are more likely to become commuter-cyclists.