The relationship between transportation vulnerability,school attendance,and free transportation to an afterschool program for youth

Transportation - Transportation vulnerability, defined as lack of access to transportation resulting in financial, social, or health consequences, reduces quality of life. While research has...     

Calculation of vaulted magnetic field above ship using equivalent surface magnetic charge北大核心CSCD

[目的]为了获得舰船上方不同高度平面磁场数据,解决舰船上方拱顶磁场推算到平面磁场的问题,提出用面磁荷法进行舰船上方的磁场推算。[方法]从等效源理论出发,利用拱顶磁场数据进行反演建模,将舰船磁场等效为面磁荷产生的磁场,用面磁荷正演舰船上方的磁场。将面磁荷法推算出的磁场与舰船实际磁场进行对比,验证面磁荷法的可行性。[结果]通过数值仿真计算,舰船磁场垂直分量推算的相对均方根误差为0.44%;利用磁性船模进行实验分析,磁场垂直分量推算的相对均方根误差为7.64%。[结论]仿真和船模实验分析表明,利用面磁荷法进行磁场推算,其推算值与测量值较为吻合,推算的相对均方根误差较小,具有较高的精度,可用于实际工程计算。     

Development and Evaluation of Vehicle Simulation Models for a 4WS Application

In the scope of the European Prometheus project a passenger car with active rear wheel steering was developed by TNO in cooperation with PSA. During development and engineering of the rear wheel steering system simulation tools have been used to reduce development costs. This paper describes the evaluation of different simulation models, from simple to complex, with results of full vehicle driving tests. The optimal balance for model complexity and accuracy was achieved with a 2-dimensional model with an added roll degree of freedom. The results show that validation using time responses can give ambiguous and inaccurate results, and that frequency response functions are much more usable in validation.     

Application of time series techniques for forecasting truck traffic attracted by the Bombay metropolitan region

Knowledge of future traffic flow is an essential input in the planning, implementation and development of a transportation system. It also helps in its operation, management and control. Time series analysis techniques have been extensively adopted for this purpose in the fields of economics, social sciences and in other fields of technology. An attempt has been made in this study to apply the techniques of time series analysis to goods traffic, particularly truck traffic. Four predominant corridors, N.H.3, N.H.4, N.H.8 and Lal Bahadur Shastri Road (L.B. S. Rd.), accounting for majority of truck movement in the Bombay Metropolitan Region (BMR), have been considered for modeling. Raw data was processed initially, to obtain an insight into the structure of time series. Ten candidate models of the Auto-Regressive Moving Average (ARMA) and Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) family are investigated to represent each of the four corridors. Models finally proposed, to represent each of the four corridors have been selected based on Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) and Maximum Likelihood Rule (MLR) criteria. Models ARIMA (2, 1, 0), ARMA (1.0), ARMA (1, 1) and ARIMA (1, 1, 0) are proposed for N.H.3, N.H.4, N.H.8 and L.B.S. Rd. respectively, based on significant weekly periodicity.     

A simulation‐based reliability assessment approach for congested transit network

This paper is an attempt to develop a generic simulation‐based approach to assess transit service reliability, taking into account interaction between network performance and passengers' route choice behaviour. Three types of reliability, say, system wide travel time reliability, schedule reliability and direct boarding waiting‐time reliability are defined from perspectives of the community or transit administration, the operator and passengers. A Monte Carlo simulation approach with a stochastic user equilibrium transit assignment model embedded is proposed to quantify these three reliability measures of transit service. A simple transit network with a bus rapid transit (BRT) corridor is analysed as a case study where the impacts of BRT components on transit service reliability are evaluated preliminarily.     

Ecology of bottom ice algae: II. Dynamics, distributions and productivity

Spring blooms of bottom ice algae are a common feature of landfast congelation ice in polar regions. Because ice algae are usually associated with a substrate, their population dynamics can be followed with considerable confidence. Although ice algal dynamics are closely related to irradiance, their dynamics and distributions are influenced by other abiotic and biotic factors. Ice algal abundance varies horizontally over all scales examined. Factors such as grazing and nutrient availability may contribute to local and geographic differences. Loss terms for most sea ice assemblages are largely unquantified. Ice algal biomass is most concentrated near the ice-water interface in spring.Environmental factors affecting ice algal abundance and productivity are considered here, emphasizing recent results from several well-studied sites. Biomass accumulation, growth rates and productivity have been documented for spring blooms of bottom interstitial and sub-ice assemblages. On an areal basis biomass accumulation in bottom ice assemblages can be comparable with planktonic systems. At low ambient temperatures and irradiances average specific growth rates (≤ 0.25 d⁻¹) and production rates (≤ 1.0 mg C mg Chl⁻¹ h⁻¹) for ice algae are low. Current methods of measuring productivity are compared. Results are consistently low but variable with little systematic difference among them. At present, apparent differences in productivity between bottom ice assemblages in the Arctic and Antarctic, or among different antarctic assemblages, are so confounded by methodological and other sources of variability that no firm differences can be detected.     

科隆-莱茵/美因高速铁路新线试运行 --另一角度论系统工程的挑战与成就

只有采用新一代列车才能实现科隆-莱茵/美因新建高速铁路线上科隆至法兰克福两大都市间运行时间缩短1/2的商业目标.而要实现这一商业目标,并且要与环境协调,唯一途径是选择紧靠既有"A3"高速公路的线路.由此提出的列车、轨道、指挥与控制系统工程项目,以及投入运用与审批程序,均对新线的开发与整个系统工程的完成构成了一大挑战.     

Law enforcement in the ocean

The combating of the present great variety of criminal activities occurring at sea mainly involves measures to be taken on land, in particular in ports.However, also actual enforcement at sea will continue to play an essential (complementary) role. This article surveys the rules of international law governing law enforcement measures at sea. These rules are complex, because distinctions have to be made between the various jurisdictional zones at sea and between the positions of the flag state, the coastal state and the port state. Traditionally, ships in the high seas (all sea areas beyond a narrow band of territorial sea) were under the exclusive jurisdiction of the flag state. In an increasing number of situations, the coastal state now has law enforcement authority over foreign ships in expanded areas up to 200 nautical miles offshore. But apart from these situations, flag state jurisdiction still prevails beyond the territorial sea. This makes effective law enforcement difficult. In practice, many obstacles can be overcome by making more effective use of the authority of the port state, and by concluding new international agreements providing for specific enforcement systems.     

用串联连接的电压源PWM变频器抑制变压器冲击电流的方法

提出了抑制变压器冲击电流的新方法.小功率电压源PWM变频器通过匹配的变压器与其他变压器串联.当接通的PWM变频器为阻性时,没有冲击现象发生.单相电路中,电流冲击时充当阻尼电阻的PWM变频器的额定功率为主变压器的14%,而在三相电路中为19%.利用PSCAD/EMTDC技术数字计算机仿真无法确定该方法的有效性和良好的实用性.研制了一台试验样机进行试验,结果证实所提出的方法可以完全避免冲击现象的发生.