吃早餐有学问

早餐每天都在吃,怎样吃才最健康却是门学问. 先喝水再早餐起床后先喝杯清水然后再吃早餐比较好.这是因为在夜间的睡眠中,人体大部分器官都得到了充分休息,惟独消化器官仍在消化、吸收晚餐留在胃肠道中的食物,到凌晨才真正进入休息状态.如果早餐吃得过早,就会影响胃肠道的休息.     

Parking policies in large cities in Germany

This article deals with highly motorized large West German cities of about 200,000 inhabitants and more, which usually provide reasonable public transport systems. Illegal parking with shares of about 40 to 50% of the total parking is widespread in the parking problem areas of those cities, especially in the inner-city residential and mixed-use areas. Parking spaces are demanded by residents, employees, customers and visitors, and by delivery and service traffic. The different characteristics of parking demands by different user groups are discussed. The total parking supply consists of public and private spaces. The share of private spaces is about 40 to 50% of the total parking spaces in German cities. The amount of car traffic generated by a parking space depends on parking duration and parking turnover, as well as on search traffic. So the change of a space from long-duration use of an employee to short-duration of customers — as often discussed in parking concepts — generates at least five-fold car traffic. The measurements and effects of parking control of public spaces as well as the parking regulations in zoning ordinances, restrictions on the construction of new private parking spaces and park-and-ride are discussed. Finally, a parking concept methodology — using the example of Frankfurt am Main — is discussed.     

Longhaul feeder services in an era of changing technology: an Asia-Pacific perspective

Traditional liner carriers, operating in the highly competitive commercial environment of the last few years, have attempted to lower the marginal cost of each box carried. Technological improvements in both construction and propulsion systems have led to a steady growth in carrying capacity. Ships of 600+ TEUs are now in service and, as a result of this trend, have displaced 'smaller' ships from the major east-west trades. The more competitive environment of these trades has in turn led to a redeployment of ships in the 2500+ TEU range to the north-south trades. The result has been a rapid increase in north-south capacity, including feeder services and falling freight rates. Despite the current excess supply in shipping and historically low freight rates, significant developments in technology have created opportunities for new fast containerships. The paper analyses the key economic factors in the differentiation of the new fast ship technology from the traditionally designed containerships and demonstrates the potential financial viability to owners of these new 'greyhounds'.     

电喷摩托车的电起动电路结构(2)

<正>五羊——本田优客(上接2014年第1期)五羊——本田优客有2款车型,分别是普通款的(STD)型和集中制动款的(HGBS)型,图5为普通型的电起动电路原理图。蓄电池正电源通过主保险后,由输出端红/白色(R/W)线进入点火保险和电源继电器的触点一端。电源由点火保险输出端黑/蓝色(B1/Bu)线进入电门锁,打开电门锁后,电源由黑/白色(B1/W)线进入起动继电器的线圈一端、ECM和电源继电器的线圈一端。电源继电器线圈另一端为固定搭铁的绿色线,电源继电器线圈得电吸合触点,电源由触点另一端红/黄色(R/Y)线进入信号保险。     

Measuring the potential for automobile fuel savings in the US: The impact of obesity

High rates of oil consumption and obesity in the US have become important socioeconomic concerns. While these concerns may seem unrelated at first, growing obesity rates in the US increase fuel consumption by adding passenger weight to vehicles. This paper estimates the additional amount of fuel (i.e., gasoline) consumed annually by noncommercial passenger highway vehicles in the US due to passenger overweight and obesity. The mathematical model presented in this paper estimates that as many as one billion additional gallons of gasoline are consumed each year due to overweight and obesity in the US, accounting for up to 0.8% of the fuel consumed by these vehicles annually. This additional fuel consumption causes carbon dioxide emissions of up to 20 billion pounds or more, accounting for up to 0.5% of the annual carbon dioxide emissions in the transportation sector.     

Optimal scheduling of the flexray static segment based on two-dimensional bin-packing algorithm

FlexRay is a reliable and hard real-time in-vehicle communication protocol that is strongly promoted by car manufacturers as the de facto standard in the automotive domain. The protocol offers both a time-triggered and an eventtriggered architecture. This paper focuses on the optimal scheduling of the time-triggered component of FlexRay known as the static (ST) segment using a two-dimensional bin-packing technique. To maximize the bandwidth utilization in the ST segment, a fast heuristic as well as an efficient integer linear programming approach are proposed. Our methods directly schedule signals into slots including frame packing, according to signal-based data scheduling and the slot/ cycle multiplexing mechanisms presented by the latest version of the FlexRay protocol. The benefits of our proposed methods are demonstrated by extensive experiments on synthetic and an automotive X-by-wire system case study. An additional test case is examined to emphasize the superior performance of the proposed approach relative to that of existing optimal scheduling approaches.     

Transportation agencies experiences with decision support systems for airport ground access planning

This article reports on a field investigation into the ways that transportation agencies use quantitative and qualitative information for making strategic decisions regarding airport ground access. The study analyzes the value of this information for planning airport ground access improvements at seven major international airport sites.The major finding of the research is that quantitative modeling for strategic decision support is very difficult, costly and time consuming. Modelers are confident that the models are accurate and reliable but executives generally lack confidence in the results. Transportation officials believe that the information supplied is flawed by a number of defects that minimize its value for strategic decision makers. The information defects described in this article provide an analysis of the structural difficulty of using quantitative modeling for transportation problems of strategic importance. To date, qualitative information is not frequently used, but some transportation agencies are considering its application to designing transportation services. Although this study is limited to airport ground access, the authors feel that this evidence, in conjunction with the evidence from other studies in the transportation area, dictates a need for wariness in the development of decision support systems for transportation planners. Developers of decision support systems for transportation planners must be aware of modeling costs and defects and consider how to improve the timeliness, relevance and credibility of information quantitative models provide transportation executives. Fundamentally it is important to recognize that decision makers tend, either singularly or in concert with other individuals or groups, to be the champions of a long-term vision for the community. When modeling produces inconsistent or wide ranging results that contradict their position, decision makers may not only discard modeling activities, but lose confidence in the models altogether. As a consequence, transportation planners are faced with the challenge of how to improve quantitative modeling. The most reliable and effective means for improvement is incorporation of qualitative techniques which provide greater understanding of customer perceptions and human behavior.     

增殖细胞核抗原在胃癌中的表达与淋巴结转移、预后的关系

为探讨增殖细胞核抗原 ( Proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)在胃癌的表达与淋巴结转移及预后的关系 ,采用免疫组化法 ( ABC法 )测定 94例胃癌石蜡包埋标本。结果 :1胃粘膜不同病理状态下 PCNA指数差异显著 ( P <0 .0 1 ) ;2PCNA指数同患者的性别和年龄无关 ( P >0 .0 5 ) ,与肿瘤的生长方式、组织类型、浆膜层受侵与否、淋巴结转移与否和临床分期关系密切 ( P <0 .0 5 ) ;3PCNA指数与胃癌的预后密切相关 ( P <0 .0 5 ) ,弱级 ( 1～ 2级 )表达的患者预后较好 ,提示 PCNA检测可作为判断胃癌生物学行为和预后的一项良好指标。     

51800DWT冰区加强型成品油轮船体结构设计

51800DWT冰区加强型化学品／成品油轮是广船国际自行开发设计的、具有世界先进水平的北极冰区航线成品油／化学品船。该船可满足全球造船业所公认的高等级规范“瑞典-芬兰冰级1Asuper”。本文结合冰区加强结构设计介绍该船的船体结构设计特点。     

考虑疲劳强度和减轻质量的转向架构架设计

用有限元法对各种载荷工况下的转向架构架进行了疲劳分析,利用人工神经网络和遗传算法最大程度地减轻了转向架构架的质量.