列车运行数字仿真及其在技术标准优化建模中的应用

本文详细论述了列车运行数字仿真模型和基于仿真计算结果的运营指标的建模方法，并给出了仿真逄例也结果分析，以列车运行数字仿真的计算结果作为建模的基础数据具有一致性和可比性强，模型可靠且精度高的特点。本研究为铁路主要技术标准综合优化的推广使用奠定了必要的基础，具有广阔的应用前景。     

3车道连拱隧道施工引起围岩位移变化的数值模拟

为研究三导洞施工对大跨度3车道连拱隧道围岩位移的影响,对某高速公路3车道连拱隧道施工进行实态建模,采用可以准确模拟岩土材料塑性屈服流动的有限差分法对施工过程进行弹塑性数值模拟,得出大跨度3车道连拱隧道开挖过程中周围地层位移的发展规律。     

Eddies around Madagascar — The retroflection re-considered

The Agulhas Current with its retroflection and attendant eddy-shedding is the cause of some of the greatest mesoscale variability in the ocean. This paper considers the area to the south and east of Madagascar, which provides some of the source waters of the Agulhas Current, and examines the propagating sea surface height signals in altimetry and output from a numerical model, OCCAM. Both show bands of variability along the axis of the East Madagascar Current (EMC) and along a zonal band near 25°S. Sequences of images plus associated temperature data suggest that a number of westward-propagating eddies are present in this zonal band. The paper then focuses on the region to the south of the island, where ocean colour and infra-red imagery are evocative of an East Madagascar Retroflection. The synthesis of data analysed in this paper, however, shows that remotely observed features in this area can be explained by anticyclonic eddies moving westward through the region, and this explanation is consistent with numerical model output and the trajectories of drifting buoys.     

ETCS及其在高速铁路中的应用

分析了欧洲列车控制系统基本原理及技术规范的制定过程及发展,介绍了ETCS在欧洲高速铁路的应用发展情况.     

预应力CFRP板加固钢梁的承载力及预应力损失分析

在CFRP板对钢梁的加固工程中,通常采用预应力FRP技术和梁反拱预应力技术来充分发挥CFRP板高强度的性能。文章通过对采用这两种预应力技术的CFRP板加固钢梁(或混凝土—钢组合梁)进行受力分析,推导了计算加固钢梁弹性抗弯承载力的方法,并给出了计算承载力及所需CFRP截面面积的计算公式,计算中考虑了加固前负载的作用;提出了两种预应力法的有效预应力和预应力损失的计算方法;通过算例,讨论了各项参数对抗弯承载力及预应力损失的影响。研究结果表明,采用预应力加固技术比无预应力加固技术更进一步地提高了梁的承载力;两种预应力方法的预应力损失率是相同的;并且预应力损失率不随预应力大小而改变,仅受截面尺寸和材料性能的影响。     

Environmental trends of ports and harbours: Implications for planning and management

The traditional view of ports as evolving from human settlements to distribution centres is re-examined in an ecological context. The discussion is essential because of the persisting traditional approach to 'global' port development, i.e. directed primarily by technological optimization related to cargo transfer and ocean trasportation. Growing environmental concerns and realities indicate the need for a broader environmental view in which the port is recognized as part of a larger interactive coastal ecosystem, with environmental pressures by the port on the surrounding environment, as well as by the environment on the port. The paper argues for an ecological basis for coastal port development, analyses the environment implications of riverine linkages between port and hinterland, and details some environmental consequnces of changing industrialization and chemical practices. It also identifies initiatives for relevant planning and future port management.     

Regional impacts of new transport infrastructure: a multisectoral potentials approach

This is the second of two background papers sponsored for the Symposium by the Administrative Commission for the north of the Netherlands. Its purpose is to provide an indication of the effects of the proposed high speed rail line between Amsterdam, Groningen and Hamburg on employment in the corridor. The authors first review the techniques of forecasting these effects discussed in the literature. The potentials approach is adopted for their analysis, the mathematics and underlying assumptions of which are presented. Finally, this model is run to provide an estimate of the impact on regional employment of three variants of the proposed rail line.     

不同弹性扣件下钢轨振动仿真分析

建立一般弹性扣件、粘结板式弹性扣件和轨道减振器扣件下的轨道模型,用有限元法模拟分析列车移动荷载作用下,不同扣件刚度、不同行车速度时钢轨的振动和荷载的传递情况。计算结果表明,随着行车速度提高,钢轨振动加剧,扣件支反力增大;随着扣件刚度减小,钢轨振动增加,扣件支反力减小,冲击荷载传递减小。     

养生作用对硫沥青性能影响分析

硫磺部分替代传统石油沥青用于道路工程建设可减少石油沥青用量,降低施工能源消耗,促进工业废渣中硫磺的回收利用,具有较高的经济和环保价值。为探究硫磺掺量（质量分数）及养生作用对硫沥青（SEA）性能的影响,采用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）验证硫沥青中硫磺的重结晶现象,对养生前后硫沥青的基本物理性能和黏度进行分析,并采用动态剪切流变仪（DSR）和弯曲梁流变仪（BBR）对养生前后硫沥青的流变特性和疲劳性能进行评价,最后借助荧光显微镜（FM）观察养生前、后硫磺在沥青中的微观分布特性。研究结果表明：养生后高硫磺掺量的硫沥青DSC曲线出现吸热峰,硫沥青（特别是高硫磺掺量下）的劲度有所增加,因此对硫沥青进行养生使其性能稳定后再进行相关性能评价更具现实意义;硫磺掺量较低（≤ 10%）时,硫磺主要以溶解硫的形式存在于沥青中起到软化沥青的作用,因此沥青的低温变形能力有所改善,但其高温抗变形能力有所降低;当硫磺掺量较高（≥ 35%）时,硫磺主要以重结晶的形式悬浮在沥青中使沥青变硬,在增加沥青高温抗变形能力的同时也牺牲了其低温抗裂能力;硫磺掺量较低时,硫沥青黏度随着硫磺掺量的增加而降低;硫磺掺量较高时,硫沥青90℃和105℃黏度随着硫磺掺量的增加而增加,但硫沥青120℃和135℃黏度相差不大,同时硫磺加入最高可降低沥青的施工温度达20℃;线性振幅扫描（LAS）试验结果表明,养生后的硫沥青疲劳寿命比基质沥青长,其中35%硫沥青疲劳性能最佳;硫磺掺量进一步增加,硫沥青疲劳寿命缩短至与基质沥青相近;FM分析表明,硫磺掺量不高于5%时,硫磺全部溶解于沥青中,且养生后硫磺未重结晶,相应硫沥青无荧光性;硫磺掺量高于5%时,硫磺在沥青中分布均匀,养生后10%硫沥青中硫晶斑尺寸和面积显著增大,高硫磺掺量硫沥青中硫晶斑面积仅略有增加。