Two-Dimensional Motion of Vehicles Damaged due to Collision

This paper deals with two-dimensional motion analysis of vehicles damaged due to collision. Various parts of vehicles are damaged due to collision in general. The effects of the damage in vehicle body and wheels on the vehicle motions are investigated. The center of gravity of the vehicle and the polar moment of inertia are changed by the deformation of vehicle body. Furthermore, the geometrical relations of wheels like wheelbase, treads and steering angles may be changed by damage of the wheels. Thus the vehicle loses symmetry with respect to the vehicle axis. The four-wheel vehicle model is extended to take into account the vehicle damage due to collision. The motions of damaged vehicles are compared with those of undamaged vehicles. It is found that vehicle damages have a significant influence on vehicle motion after impact.     

Vehicle Motion Analysis in Relation to Vehicle Safety

The influence of vehicle handling on the possible avoidance of accident situations is discussed. lit is shown that accident reconstruction at present does not provide the necessary information to relate the cause of accidents to the lack of road worthiness of vehicles. It follows that the vehicle behavior in proximity of its performance limit must be determined in order to infer its accident avoidance potential.

The paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art of vehicle modeling, simulation of vehicle maneuvers and full scale testing. The application of the direct method of the stability theory is suggested as a possible means of obtaining performance limit envelopes which are necessary for establishing standards of the performance of vehicles.     

Flutter and Divergence Instabilities in Systems of Railway Wheelsets with Semi-rigid Articulation

For railway vehicles having coned wheels mounted on solid axles there is, in general, a conflict between stability of lateral deviations from the motion along the track and ability to steer round curves. However, certain configurations of three-axle vehicle can satisfy the requirement of perfect curving and for certain values of the system parameters are dynamically stable. In the case where three wheelsets have semi-rigid articulation and either the distribution of conicity amongst the wheelsets or the position of the articulation joint are varied, it is shown that both flutter and divergence instabilities can occur at low speeds, in contrast to the more common dynamic instabilities of other forms of railway vehicle which are driven by the inertia forces.     

高架桥基础承台开挖引起的路面差异沉降控制方法研究

高架桥基础承台施工时需开挖基坑,回填后新路基在车辆荷载作用下将产生较大的沉降,故造成新老路基上部路面的差异沉降。该文采用有限差分软件FLAC3D分析研究不同的土工格栅层数、格栅模量、格栅位置、回填材料以及基坑开挖方式对减小路面差异沉降的效果。计算结果表明:格栅层数越多对减小差异沉降的效果越好,并且随着格栅层数的增加,格栅加筋效果减弱。增加格栅模量也可减小路面不均匀沉降,且格栅铺设的3个位置都有作用,其中铺设在面层与基层交界处效果最好。回填材料选择二灰土可以明显减小新老路基的差异沉降,故采用类似二灰土等坚硬的回填材料具有很好的效果。基坑开挖采用放坡开挖的方式,对减小沉降与差异沉降方面的效果优于台阶开挖。     

本案不应适用1969 CLC──谈一起油污损害赔偿案的法律适用

分析了我国非涉外的一起油污损害赔偿案的法律适用问题，认为不应适用１９６９ＣＬＣ，而应适用《海商法》。     

A bi‐level programming approach — Optimal transit fare under line capacity constraints

The fare of a transit line is one of the important decision variables for transit network design. It has been advocated as an efficient means of coordinating the transit passenger flows and of alleviating congestion in the transit network. This paper shows how transit fare can be optimized so as to balance the passenger flow on the transit network and to reduce the overload delays of passengers at transit stops. A bi‐level programming method is developed to optimize the transit fare under line capacity constraints. The upper‐level problem seeks to minimize the total network travel time, while the lower‐level problem is a stochastic user equilibrium transit assignment model with line capacity constraints. A heuristic solution algorithm based on sensitivity analysis is proposed. Numerical example is used to illustrate the application of the proposed model and solution algorithm.     

64D型半自动闭塞电子化浅析

简要介绍了铁路闭塞技术以及64D型半自动闭塞的继电器电路实现，在此基础上引入了64D型半自动闭塞的电子化实现方式，最后对二者的使用成本作了比较并得出结论。