Modified lateral control of an autonomous vehicle by look-ahead and look-down sensing

This paper presents a modified lateral control method for an autonomous vehicle with both look-ahead and look-down sensing systems. To cope with sensor noise and modeling uncertainty in the lateral control of the vehicle, a modified LMI-based H lateral controller was proposed, which uses the look-ahead information of the lateral offset error measured at the front of vehicle and the look-down information of the vehicle yaw angle error between the reference lane and the centerline of the vehicle. To verify the safety and the performance of the lateral control, a scaled-down vehicle was developed, and the positioning of the vehicle was estimated with USAT. The proposed controller, which uses both look-ahead and look-down information, was tested for lane changing and reference lane tracking with both simulation and experiment. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller has better tracking and handling performance compared with a controller that uses only the look-ahead information of the target heading angle error.     

License plate extraction method for identification of vehicle violations at a railway level crossing

The primary cause of most railroad accidents is vehicle entry into railway level crossings despite warning messages. To identify drivers who violate railway level crossing regulations, vehicle license plate recognition can be applied at railway level crossings. The purpose of this paper is to present an effective method for extracting the license plate region from vehicle images taken at railway level crossings. The method proposed in this paper uses the variation in the gray-level values across the image of a license plate. For license plate region extraction, the character region is first recognized by identifying the character width and the difference between the background region and the character region. The license plate region is then extracted by finding the inter-character distance in the plate region. In addition, the license plate type is identified by the difference in the gray-level value between the background region and the character region. The proposed method is effective in solving the current challenges in extracting the license plate region from the damaged frames of license plates issued for domestic use, including new types of license plates. According to the experimental results, the proposed method yields a high extraction rate of 99.5% for vehicle license plates.     

Comprehensive lateral driver model for critical maneuvering conditions

A new comprehensive driver model is presented for critical maneuvering conditions with more accurate dynamic control performance. In order to achieve a safe maneuvering mode, a new path planning scheme to maintain stability of the vehicle was designed. A new steering strategy, considering the errors of vehicle position and yaw angle between the real track and the planned path, was established to obtain the steering angle. Therefore, the vehicle can be adjusted to accurately follow the desired path with the driver model, and the stability of the vehicle and the smoothness of the steering angle input were comprehensively considered. Simulation results were used to validate the control performance in comparison with the optimal preview driver model proposed by Macadam.     

Piston-temperature measuring system using electromagnetic induction with verification by a telemetry system

The development of an inner-piston-chamber temperature measurement system is a necessary step in engine development or when solving other fundamental problems related to automotive engines. There are various pre-existing measurement methods available, e.g., the linkage method, piston telemetry, templog, and the electromagnetic induction method. In this study, we first redesigned the coil sensor used in the electromagnetic induction method using PEEK and then used Taguchi methods to reduce the number of experiments in the development process and finally utilized piston telemetry via Bluetooth to verify the precision and accuracy of the redesigned PEEK coil sensor and electromagnetic induction method. The results displayed a reproducibility within 0.5 degrees and an accuracy within 2 degrees Celsius.     

Performance optimization of CVT for two-wheeled vehicles

Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) is one of the most promising automotive transmission technologies because of its continuously variable gear ratio and reduced shift shock. CVT is different from Manual Transmission and Automatic Transmission, and it is possible to operate the power source in its high efficiency region with CVT in the drive train. Several types of CVT exist that can be categorized based on the mechanism of power transmission, such as the belt pulley, traction drive, and hydrostatic types. This paper investigates the belt pulley CVT, which consists of a thrust actuator, driver pulley, belt, driven pulley, and preload spring of the output shaft. A complete CVT is constructed, and based on that a simulation program that analyzes the static performance of a CVT is implemented in Matlab/Simulink. From these simulation results, methods for improving the efficiency of the CVT are discussed. The coefficient of the torque capacity factor is proposed as affecting the matching between a power source and a CVT, and methods for improving the matching effect are also investigated.     

双洞互补式通风在大别山隧道中的应用研究

针对大别山特长公路隧道左右线通风负荷不均衡的情况,提出双洞互补式通风系统设计理论和方法。即在左右隧道之间增设横向通风道,将两条隧道联系起来,用空气质量较好的隧道内新鲜空气去稀释空气质量较差隧道内的污浊空气,并使两条隧道内的空气质量均满足通风要求。在大别山隧道应用中可取消增设的通风斜井,大大降低土建费用和运营管理费用。     

一种空气雾化喷嘴的仿真研究

全面考虑了液滴的破碎、碰撞以及液相与气相的耦合作用,建立了二次射流空气雾化喷嘴喷射雾化模型,以水模拟航空煤油,空气作为雾化工质气体,采用相应的算法进行了数值仿真研究,得到了二次射流空气雾化喷嘴雾化效果较普通空气雾化喷嘴好的结论。     

基于TMS320VC5410的语音隐藏电路设计与实现

TMS320VC5410是TI公司生产的一款定点数字信号处理（DSP）芯片。文章设计了一种基于TMS320VC5410的语音隐藏电路系统,并阐述了硬件调试过程中应注意的若干问题。为能实现语音隐藏功能,整个电路系统的设计包括DSP最小系统、A/D接口、串口通信、外部存储器和语音信号处理模块。经测试,本系统工作稳定,各模块工作正常。     

Experimental Investigation of TARMAX Model for Modeling of Hydrodynamic Forces on Cylinder-like Structures

A new approach that models lift and drag hydrodynamic force signals operating over cylindrical structures was developed and validated. This approach is based on stochastic auto regressive moving average with exogenous (ARMAX) input and its time-varying form, TARMAX. Model structure selection and parameter estimation were discussed while considering the validation stage. In this paper, the cylindrical structure was considered as a dynamic system with an incoming water wave and resulting forces as the input a...     

屏蔽电缆的电磁脉冲时域耦合特性研究

屏蔽电缆对电磁脉冲辐射场的耦合特性对电子设备、系统的电磁干扰控制和电磁脉冲防护具有重要意义。研究屏蔽电缆的双传输线模型分析方法,计算不同频段电磁脉冲辐射场激励下,两种典型的屏蔽电缆在屏蔽层两端不同接地状态时,屏蔽层和芯线上的感应电流。编织屏蔽电缆芯线上的感应电流比管状屏蔽电缆大几个数量级;由于集肤效应的影响,管状屏蔽电缆芯线上的耦合随着频率的升高而降低;编织屏蔽电缆由于编织电感和小孔电感的影响,芯线上的耦合随着频率的升高而升高。对于高灵敏的高频、微波系统,对电磁脉冲的防护时要选用管状屏蔽电缆。