宜万铁路隧道无砟轨道的综合接地

因无砟轨道内铺设了大量钢筋,对轨道电路一次参数产生影响,为了减少无砟轨道区段对轨道电路的传输衰耗,轨道结构中的钢筋作绝缘处理,以满足ZPW-2000A轨道电路信息在轨道电路中的传输距离要求,宜万铁路无砟轨道设置综合接地系统,各专业接地系统实现等电位连接,保证无砟轨道隧道结构本身、人员、设备和列车安全运行。通过综合接地系统的实施,宜万铁路无砟轨道ZPW-2000A轨道电路一次参数及道床漏泄电阻测试数据良好,自动闭塞轨道电路正常工作,节约了信号工程投资,降低了信号工程造价。     

100 m定尺钢轨基地焊接500 m长钢轨施工技术

京津城际铁路设计采用100 m定尺钢轨基地焊接成500 m长钢轨,再用500 m长钢轨一次性铺设、焊接、锁定成跨区间无缝线路,引进Gaas80/580闪光接触焊轨机及配套的除锈、四向调直、精磨等成套设备,对100 m定尺钢轨焊接500 m长钢轨的焊轨生产线布局、焊轨流程及工序、质量控制要点等进行介绍.     

珠江三角洲高等级航道网航道数字化的探讨

本文简要介绍了数字航道的概念及其组成,并对在珠江三角洲高等级航道网实施数字航道建设的必要性和可行性进行了探讨,提出了应当加快本区数字航道建设的建议.     

大断面TBM组装洞室设计与施工

TBM在隧洞内组装,受场地、空间限制,对组装进度影响很大,因而组装洞室设计与施工、关键设备选型、组装方案、场地布置等就愈发显现其重要性;同时由于组装洞室断画大、工程量大、施工工艺复杂、施工质量要求高,因而需要予以高度重视.文章以锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞为实例,介绍如何根据设备参数、地质条件和组装方案进行大断面TBM组装洞室的设计及施工,可供类似工程借鉴.     

Economic analysis of Japanese air pollution regulation: An optimal retirement problem under the vehicle type regulation in the NOx–particulate matter law

This paper examines the vehicle type regulation that was introduced under the Automobile Nitrogen Oxides–Particulate Matter Law to mitigate air pollution in Japanese metropolitan areas. The vehicle type regulation effectively sets the timing for vehicle retirement by initial registration year and type. However, there was no consideration of cost or efficiency in choosing the timing of retirement. We solve an optimal problem to maximize the social net benefit under the current framework of the vehicle type regulation. The analysis finds that the net benefit can more than double if the optimal retirement timing is chosen. Further, we find that even a simple alteration of the retirement timing can increase the social net benefit by 13%.     

运行参数对双燃料船用柴油机燃烧和排放性能的影响

为研究运行参数对天然气-柴油双燃料船用发动机燃烧和排放的影响,运用AVL_FIRE仿真软件基于4190Z_LC-2型船用中速柴油机,构建燃烧室高压循环模型。通过将仿真数据和台架试验得到的缸压曲线进行对比,验证模型的准确性。采用模型仿真,研究运行参数对燃烧和排放性能的影响。结果表明:天然气替代率可以明显改善NO的排放,过高的替代率会降低指示功率,损失部分动力性;提高进气温度可改善燃烧质量,合适的进气温度可以改善动力性和经济性;提高进气压力有增压效果,适当提高进气压力可获得较好的动力性和排放性;喷油提前角的增大,会延长滞燃期,缩短后燃期,而合适的喷油提前角可以避免工作粗暴,改善柴油机动力性。     

Deflection test and transmission error measurement to identify hypoid gear whine noise

T-Hypoid gears are commonly used in rear-drive and 4WD (4 Wheel Drive) vehicle axles. Investigating their sensitivity to deflections is one of the most important aspects of their design and optimization procedures. Therefore, a deflection test was performed in this study in the actual gear mounting using completely processed gear. This test covered the full operating range of gear loads from “no load” to “peak load”. Under peak load, the contact pattern extended to the tooth boundaries without showing a concentration of the contact pattern at any point on the tooth surface. The transmission error was tested under an axle assembly triaxial-real-car-load condition.     

Modified lateral control of an autonomous vehicle by look-ahead and look-down sensing

This paper presents a modified lateral control method for an autonomous vehicle with both look-ahead and look-down sensing systems. To cope with sensor noise and modeling uncertainty in the lateral control of the vehicle, a modified LMI-based H lateral controller was proposed, which uses the look-ahead information of the lateral offset error measured at the front of vehicle and the look-down information of the vehicle yaw angle error between the reference lane and the centerline of the vehicle. To verify the safety and the performance of the lateral control, a scaled-down vehicle was developed, and the positioning of the vehicle was estimated with USAT. The proposed controller, which uses both look-ahead and look-down information, was tested for lane changing and reference lane tracking with both simulation and experiment. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller has better tracking and handling performance compared with a controller that uses only the look-ahead information of the target heading angle error.     

License plate extraction method for identification of vehicle violations at a railway level crossing

The primary cause of most railroad accidents is vehicle entry into railway level crossings despite warning messages. To identify drivers who violate railway level crossing regulations, vehicle license plate recognition can be applied at railway level crossings. The purpose of this paper is to present an effective method for extracting the license plate region from vehicle images taken at railway level crossings. The method proposed in this paper uses the variation in the gray-level values across the image of a license plate. For license plate region extraction, the character region is first recognized by identifying the character width and the difference between the background region and the character region. The license plate region is then extracted by finding the inter-character distance in the plate region. In addition, the license plate type is identified by the difference in the gray-level value between the background region and the character region. The proposed method is effective in solving the current challenges in extracting the license plate region from the damaged frames of license plates issued for domestic use, including new types of license plates. According to the experimental results, the proposed method yields a high extraction rate of 99.5% for vehicle license plates.