Incorporating Driver Behaviors in Network Design Problems: Challenges and Opportunities

The goal of a network design problem (NDP) is to make optimal decisions to achieve a certain objective such as minimizing total travel time or maximizing tolls collected in the network. A critical component to NDP is how travelers make their route choices. Researchers in transportation have adopted human decision theories to describe more accurate route choice behaviors. In this paper, we review the NDP with various route choice models: the random utility model (RUM), random regret-minimization (RRM) model, bounded rationality (BR), cumulative prospect theory (CPT), the fuzzy logic model (FLM) and dynamic learning models. Moreover, we identify challenges in applying behavioral route choice models to NDP and opportunities for future research.     

Non‐compatible chemicals as cargoes in industry,on road,rail, and water

Toronto is to have an urban transit system with a passenger carrying capacity which fills the gap between the capacity of the subway and the capacity of the car and bus. Correspondingly, in the words of the Premier of Ontario, the system will “make possible an attractive alternative to high‐rise, high‐density living and urban sprawl. . . .” Furthermore, the new system is sufficiently economical to provide “. . . an encouragement to growth in appropriate areas, rather than merely responding to growth as it occurs . . .”

The decision to have such a system is the culmination of some years of major transportation activities in the Province, which included the Metropolitan Toronto and Region Transportation Study (MTARTS) of 1962. This study pursued both urban expressways and public transport solutions to the movement of people in Metropolitan Toronto.

The urban expressways programmes ran into difficulties, on environmental terms, when strong opposition from community groups was met on proposed routes. A climax came when the Ontario Government halted the construction of the controversial Spadina expressway in June 1971. However, the programmes of public transport solutions met with great success. The Toronto subway and its extensions, together with the change in land values along the route, has become a classic success story. So, too, has the introduction of the GO Train Service (Government of Ontario train service). This pioneered a combination of commuter rail service and integrated feeder buses and today replaces some 14,000 cars each day along the lakeshore highways.

The success of the subway and the GO train coupled with the difficulties experienced by the urban expressways programme, gave rise to the realisation that a better city through public transport rather than the car, was practicable. However, subways were too expensive and they needed a large patronage in a narrow corridor. Accordingly, an intermediate capacity transit system was sought.

The paper describes the programme of activities involved in the choice of the system and describes the technical specification which the system will enjoy. In particular, the demonstration installation which is to be set‐up in Toronto is described in detail, together with the plans to instal some 56 miles over five routes in Metropolitan Toronto.     

The problems of hydrocarbon extraction

The problems associated with hydrocarbon extraction in the EEZ are discussed under the headings of resources and environment, technology and the industrial structure, government management, decision-making, and policy formulation. Policy areas identified include boundary delimitation relative to resources, environment and technology, co-ordination and decision-making machinery, relationships with UK and EEC energy policies, and regional planning of the sea and coastal areas used by the off-shore industry.     

In-use measurement of the activity, fuel use, and emissions of eight cement mixer trucks operated on each of petroleum diesel and soy-based B20 biodiesel

In-use micro-scale fuel use and emission rates were measured for eight cement mixer trucks using a portable emission measurement system. Each vehicle was tested on petroleum diesel and B20 biodiesel. Average fuel use and emission rates increase monotonically versus engine manifold absolute pressure. A typical duty cycle includes loading at a cement plant, transit while loaded from the cement plant to work site, creeping in a queue of vehicles at the worksite, unloading, and transit without load from the site to the plant. For B20 versus petroleum diesel, there is no significant change in the rate of fuel use, CO₂ emissions, and NO emissions, and significant decreases in emissions for CO, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter. For loaded versus unloaded onroad travel, fuel use and CO₂ emissions rates are approximately 60% higher and the rates for other pollutants are approximately 30–50% higher. A substantial portion of cycle emissions occurred at the work site. Inter-vehicle and intra-cycle variability are also quantified using the micro-scale methodology.     

直供方式下牵引变电所轨地回流研究

研究目的:通过对客运专线采用的带回流线的直供方式下牵引变电所轨地回流的实测和仿真分析,对牵引变电所处牵引回流规律获得认识,有利于指导设计工作.研究结论:本文分析了直供方式下牵引回流系统的原理,针对新建客运专线成都至都江堰铁路采用的带回流线的直供方式,通过对崇山变电所轨地回流系统的仿真计算和实测数据分析,得出采用带回流线的直供方式,可以明显改善回流系统的分配方式,减少轨地回流所占的比例,降低对牵引供电设备和通信信号设备的影响,并由此可以为牵引供变电和信号系统的设备选型提供设计依据.     

FLIRT--创新的区间运输轻型快速动车组

为适应区间铁路客运的需要,瑞士Stadler铁路成套设备公司开发了创新的轻型快速区间运输动车组FLIRT(Flinker Leichter Innovativer Regional Triebzug).该动车组以用于贯穿瑞士南北铁路连接线的瑞士中部州府而闻名.该城市必须重新评价其近郊铁路客运的设计,寻求远期的解决办法.就今天公交运输的财政形势来说,必须寻求一种费用最佳的解决办法.为此放弃了广泛新建铁路基础设施的办法,而主要是充分利用现有基础设施.对此决定将FLIRT动车组用于客、货运繁忙的南北铁路连接线.文章介绍该城市铁路动车组的设计.     

关于整体式油箱盖涂装限位辅具的开发及应用

对于整体式式油箱盖结构,油箱盖处于常开状态。白车身入涂经过自动机喷涂段,机器人旋杯会与油箱盖外板发生碰撞,导致车辆无法正常通过。文章以奇瑞某款SUV车型为基础,介绍一款新开发的整体式油箱盖限位辅具,结构简单,使用便捷,并满足车间批量使用。     

Exact and simplified estimations for elastic buckling pressures of structural pipe-in-pipe cross sections under external hydrostatic pressure

Structural pipe-in-pipe cross sections have significant potential for application in offshore oil and gas production systems because they combine thermal insulation performance with structural strength and self weight in an integrated way. Such cross sections comprise inner and outer thin-walled pipes with the annulus between them fully filled by a selectable filler material to impart an appropriate combination of properties. Structural pipe-in-pipe cross sections can exhibit several different collapse mechanisms, and the basis of the preferential occurrence of one over the others is of interest. This article presents an exact analysis for predicting the elastic buckling behaviours of a structural pipe-in-pipe cross section when subjected to external hydrostatic pressure. Simplified approximations are also investigated for elastic buckling pressure and mode when the outer pipe and its contact with the filler material is considered as a pipe on an elastic foundation. Results are presented to show the variation of elastic buckling pressure with the relative elastic modulus of the filler and pipe materials, the filler thickness, and the thicknesses of the inner and outer pipes. Case studies based on realistic application scenarios are used to show that the simplified approximations are sufficiently accurate for practical structural design purposes.     

6502电气集中室内网络线故障的处理

由于车流密度逐渐增大，现场能提供给信号值班人员的应急处理时间越来越有限。对于断线故障，过去需花费较长时间翻阅图纸，延时长，直接影响运输效率。根据多年教学及生产实际经验，总结了简便的处理方法即1／2法，不用“跑”大电路图，只需翻阅某一组合电路图，节省分析及测试时间，缩短了处理故障延时。现将该方法介绍如下。     

论直线与直线、曲线交点坐标的计算

文章对文献[1,2]的方法再作补充,使之能求双交点,但发现对于直线与圆曲线或缓和曲线相切及直线与缓和曲线相交两点还是在实用上可能无效;并借助模拟算例对文献[3]中的方法和文献[1,2]中经补充后的方法进行比较研究,得出实用上不宜采用文献[1,2]的方法,而应采用文献[3]的方法。