The importance of estuarine gravitational circulation in the early life of the Bohai Penaeid Prawn

Estuaries along the southern shore of the Bohai Sea are the major habitat of the Bohai Penaeid Prawn (Penaeus chinensis). Since the 80's, however, many of the rivers have been dammed. Field observations, as well as laterally integrated 2-D numerical experiments, were conducted to understand both the role of estuarine gravitational circulation and the impact of the damming of the rivers on the early life of the Bohai Penaeid Prawn.For a river with runoff, especially for small discharge, the gravitational circulation tends to transport the planktonic larvae in their metamorphosis phase near the river mouth where condition is favorable for survival. The gravitational circulation inside the estuary tends to transport the mysis phase larvae towards the upstream end of the estuary when the most part of the larvae suspended in the bottom layer, and it transports the post larvae to the low salinity near upstream side of the estuary when the larvae become benthic, if the larvae enter the estuary.Damming causes long periods of zero runoff in the river, resulting in the alteration of the estuarine circulation and in the change of the estuarine environment. In addition, excess evaporation may prematurely transport the planktonic larvae into the estuary. On the other hand, sudden release of a large volume of freshwater from behind the dam may exert undesirable stress on the larvae.     

试论提单首要条款及其实践

关于提单首要条款的定义,国内学者有不同的观点,作者对不同的观点进行了简要介绍和分析,作者接着对首要条款的产生进行介绍,并对产生之处首要条款的特点进行了分析,然后作者对首要条款在现实运作中的两种表现形式进行了介绍,并对有关学者对首要条款的效力的论述进行了分析,提出了不同的看法,最后作者对首要条款在我国的实践进行了详细的讨论,并指出在实践中由于当事人意思自治的扩大,首要条款可能会产生滥用的情况,甚至会损害他方及国家的利益。作者认为必须对首要条款的条件进行严格规定。     

04规则下加强轮机实操与评估实践教学的探讨

依据我校当前轮机工程专业实践教学的现状,分析了其与04新规则要求的差距,以及实践教学中所存在的问题和弊端,结合04规则对轮机工程专业实践教学方面的新要求,探讨轮机工程专业实践教学的改革措施与方法,供从事航海教育的人士参考。     

货车车体底架寿命管理可行性论证及初步方案

在车体底架上建立永久、唯一、统一形式的标记以保证车体底架的终生真实身份,实现真正意义上的寿命管理十分必要。提出了初步实施方案。货车车体底架寿命管理的实施,对铁路运输事业的安全、提速工作具有十分重要的意义。     

我国北方国际航运中心的定位与发展研究

基于我国北方建设国际航运中心的思路,对传统的航运中心的概念进行了分析,并依托于对大连港各方面竞争优劣势的剖析,提出了环渤海湾乃至我国北方地区国际航运中心的新的定义,并对该地区国际航运中心的建设与发展提出了战略性发展的策略研究。     

基于SNMP/Web双协议的嵌入式网络管理研究与实现

介绍SNMP网络管理协议的管理方式和基于Web的管理方式，然后给出嵌入式设备上将二者相结合的SNMP／Web实现框架，其中重点提出如何构造设备上的嵌入式Web服务器等关键技术，使设备支持基于SNMP和HTTP两种协议的网络管理，并提出新的对设备生成嵌入式SNMP代理的设计构想．     

谈双曲拱桥的加固维修技术

该文针对双曲拱桥的构造特点,分析了双曲拱桥常见病害产生的原因及常用加固方法,并以工程实例,阐述了加固设计方案和措施,具有一定的借鉴价值。     

A system dynamics approach to land use/transportation system performance modeling Part I: Methodology

This paper presents a system dynamics approach to simultaneous land use/transportation system performance modeling. A model is designed based on the causality functions and feedback loop structure between a large number of physical, socioeconomic, and policy variables. The model consists of 7 sub‐models: population, migration of population, household, job growth‐employment‐land availability, housing development, travel demand, and traffic congestion level. The model is formulated in DYNAMO simulation language, and tested on a data set from Montgomery County, MD. In Part I: Methodology, the overall approach and the structure of the model system is discussed and the causal‐loop diagrams and major equations are presented. In Part II: Application, the model is calibrated and tested with data from Montgomery County, MD. Least square method and overall system behavior are used to estimate the model parameters. The model is fitted with the 1970–80 data and validated with the 1980–1990 data. Robustness and sensitivities with respect to input parameters such as birth rate or regional economy growth are analyzed. The model performance as a policy analysis tool is examined by predicting the year by year impacts of highway capacity expansion on land use and transportation system performance. While this is a first attempt in using dynamic system simulation modeling in simultaneous treatment of land use and transportation system interactions, and model development and application are limited due to data availability, the results indicate that the proposed method is a promising approach in dealing with complex urban land use/transportation modeling.