Design and implementation of a new clamping force estimator in Electro-Mechanical Brake systems

In this paper, an improved clamping force estimator is proposed for Electro-Mechanical Brake (EMB) systems by using the motor rotor position information and the hysteresis characteristics of mechanical parts in the EMB. A cascaded type of a force/position control system with a force sensor or an estimator was designed and implemented to control the clamping force and to keep the clearance gap in EMB systems. The EMB Hardware-In-the-Loop-Simulation (HILS) results show that the proposed force estimator yields better estimation performance than the existing estimator and that the clamping force control system based on the estimator can be also used for the fault tolerant control of the system.     

高模量沥青在道路交叉口路面车辙防治中的应用

道路交叉口附近路面由于长期处于车辆制动、起动及转向的特殊受力作用,使得该地段路面车辙频发.通过室内试验,对高模量沥青混合料在车辙防治中的路用性能进行研究,并结合工程实际,对其应用效果进行评估.研究结果表明,高模量沥青混合料应用于道路交叉口路面中将能有效地提高路面抗车辙性能.     

剪切作用定量影响含蜡原油蜡晶形态的机理

由于含蜡原油中蜡的形态、结构是影响原油流动性的主要因素,通过研究剪切作用定量影响蜡晶形态、结构的机理,将有助于研究剪切作用影响原油流动性的机理.为此,以蜡晶形态参数为因变量,以表征剪切模拟量的参数粘性流动熵产,以及原油化学组成参数为自变量,建立了定量关系式.定量关系式显示,含蜡原油在析蜡点以下的温度被剪切时,剪切作用与原油的化学组成可显著影响蜡晶的形态、结构.粘性流动熵产越大,原油蜡含量与析蜡量越高,胶质含量越低,则蜡晶聚集体越容易被破坏.     

轨道交通延误条件下列车跳站与客流控制协同优化模型

针对城市轨道交通突发列车延误问题,统筹考虑行车秩序的恢复和乘客出行体验,提出列车调整与客流控制协同优化方法。首先分析延误条件下城轨列车调整和客流控制的措施及效果,构建以跳站停车和多车站客流控制为手段的双层线性规划模型。上层模型以列车总延误最小为目标,以列车载客能力为约束;下层模型以上车客流量最大为目标,以列车载客能力和控流率均衡为约束。采用灵敏度分析算法求解模型,并以北京地铁亦庄线故障延误事件为例,验证模型和算法的有效性。结果表明：采用跳站停车与进站客流协同控制可使延误列车行程时间缩短5.2%,使各车站进站率方差降低97.8%,在保障乘客公平性的条件下提高列车运行和乘客集散效率。     

几种疲劳裂纹扩展模型的比较分析

研究疲劳裂纹扩展机理以及评估结构疲劳强度的“单参数模型”和“双参数模型”对疲劳裂纹扩展的三个阶段—门槛值附近、稳定扩展阶段、失稳阶段的描述能力存在较大差别.文章就现今主流的以McEvily模型为源头的一系列单参数模型、双参数模型、统一模型以及正切模型进行了探讨,分析了这些模型对疲劳裂纹扩展的描述能力以及在疲劳寿命评估方面的差别.     

潜艇耐压结构径向初挠度计算方法试验

针对评定潜艇肋骨初挠度时寻找评定中心不准确的现状,本文利用全站仪进行测量获取母线划分点的二维坐标,并采用评定圆度误差的4种方法的拟合圆心作为初挠度的评定中心对其初挠度进行评定。试验结果表明,最小区域圆法评定精度最高,最小外接圆法和最大内接圆法的评定精度次之,最小二乘圆法评定精度最低。不同的工况可以选择适合的方法,可以提高潜艇耐压结构的建造效率与质量。     

Sustainable Governance of Norwegian Aquaculture and the Administrative Reform: Dilemmas and Challenges

This article discusses the impact of the Norwegian government's administrative reform on the management of the Norwegian aquaculture industry and coastal areas. The 2010 reform of government administration strengthened the County Councils’ role in issues of aquaculture at the expense of the regional offices of the Directorate of Fisheries. The aim of the reform was to increase self-governance through decentralization. However, international trends in coastal zone and marine resource management are moving in the opposite direction, aiming at more integrated and ecosystem-based approaches involving the management of larger, rather than smaller, geographic regions. This article examines the possible effects of this reform in light of the move from government to governance, and in the context of a broad policy shift toward a more integrated, ecosystem-based management (EBM) of the coastal zone. Based on insights from multi-level and coastal zone governance debates, we argue that an unintended consequence of the Norwegian administrative reform could be increased fragmentation of the aquaculture governance system, as well as a reduced capacity to implement EBM-related measures. At the same time, the reform might improve coastal zone planning, although a further step toward integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) would require a greater delegation of authority to the County Councils.     

浅谈海洋石油平台橇内仪表设计与安装

在橇块项目建设中,仪表专业占据着20%左右的比重。与相关各专业有着千丝万缕的联系,且本专业点散面广,类型繁多,在工程实施过程中首先要做好设计与选型,再充分理顺各专业及工序间的关系,才能保证按期优质完成任务,促进整个项目的顺利进行。