Model-based control system design in a urea-SCR aftertreatment system based on NH3 sensor feedback

This paper presents preliminary control system simulation results in a urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) aftertreatment system based on NH₃ sensor feedback. A four-state control-oriented lumped parameter model is used to analyze the controllability and observability properties of the urea-SCR plant. A model-based estimator is designed via simulation and a control system is developed with design based on a sliding mode control framework. The control system based on NH₃ sensor feedback is analyzed via simulation by comparing it to a control system developed based on NO_x sensor feedback. Simulation results show that the NH₃ sensor-based strategy performs very similarly in comparison to a NO_x sensor-based strategy. The control system performance metrics for NO_x index, urea index, urea usage, and NH₃ slip suggest that the NO_x sensor can be a potential alternative to a NO_x sensor for urea-SCR control applications.     

Belt routing and safety assessment through computer simulation

Most of the research on safety belt systems has involved crash simulation that only considered a dynamic human model. However, belt routing analysis, usually known as comfort level estimation, is also an important factor in safety belt design, considering that serious injuries of the abdominal region result from the infiltration of a belt into the neck or the chest. Thus, safety belt evaluations using kinematic human models are also needed. In this paper, a belt fit simulation method is suggested. Using the proposed process, both comfort and safety analyses can be performed under the same conditions continuously, and thus the safety belt design parameters, such as the location of anchor points, dummy posture and etc., can be evaluated. In conclusion, this computer process enables a belt system design to reduce injuries.     

Development of an intelligent CAE system for auto-body concept design

The concept design phase is a critical step in auto-body design, as it has a great effect on later design work. This paper describes the implementation of an auto-body structure design in the early stages of a new auto-body developing program. In order to reduce the long design period and analysis error that plagues traditional auto-body concept design, an intelligent CAE system has been successfully developed and implemented based on the UGS NX/API opening platform. This system, the so-called ACD-ICAE (Auto-body concept design-intelligent computer aided engineering) System that means concept design-intelligent computer aided engineering system, employs a fully parametrized template method to build the conceptual auto-body geometry model and FEM model quickly and easily. It also integrates auto-body modeling, analysis and optimization on only one CAD platform via a parametric variables database. Moreover, all parametric variables are shared and updated in different phases of the ACD-ICAE System. A wizard User Interface (UI) based on knowledge of auto-body engineering was developed and used in this system. The procedures implementing the functional diagram of the ACD-ICAE system are also provided. A typical example of a car body concept design with four doors shows that the ACD-ICAE system is efficient and accurate.     

Theoretical method for predicting the weight reduction rate of a box-type car body for rolling stock by material substitution design

In this paper, a theoretical approach is suggested for predicting the structural performances and weight reduction rate of a car body with a box-type section when its material is substituted with a lightweight material for weight saving. For the material substitution design of a car body for rolling stock, bending, axial, and twisting deformations should be considered at constant stiffness and strength conditions. To compare the weight reduction effects on different material applications, some new indices were derived from a structural performance point of view. The derived indices provide good measures to estimate weight reduction by material substitution design and can be effectively applied to the conceptual design of a car body.     

Grain refinement in bearing steels using a double-quenching heat-treatment process

A double-quenching (D/Q) process is proposed for heat-treating high carbon-chromium bearing steels to improve the fatigue properties through refinement of the microstructure. The new heat treatment method has two steps: The first step is a nitrocarburizing process that results in high surface hardness and lowers the transformation temperature. The second step is the same as in the conventional quenching process but can be conducted at a considerably lower temperature than in conventional quenching. The microstructure in the material that is caused by the D/Q heat treatment is much finer than in the conventional Q/T (quenching and tempering) process. In order to quantify the performance of the proposed heat-treatment process, various mechanical property tests are carried out. The rolling contact fatigue life of double-quenched bearing steels was eight times higher than in bearing steels that were treated by conventional Q/T.     

环氧沥青混凝土在阳逻大桥钢桥面铺装工程中的应用

武汉阳逻大桥是主跨超过1 000 m的钢箱梁悬索桥,为了保证桥面的使用品质、延长铺装层的使用寿命,其桥面采用了双层环氧沥青混凝土铺装新技术.目前投入使用近2年,铺装层的良好粘结性、优良的高温稳定性和低温抗裂性得到了初步验证.文中介绍了该桥所用的环氧沥青混合料原材料技术标准、矿料的配合比和施工工艺.     

橡胶沥青混合料压实性能研究

压实效果差的沥青混合料具有较低的模量、较差的抗疲劳性能和延展性.评价了橡胶沥青混合料的压实性能.将粉碎的橡胶按不同的粒径和不同的量掺加进基质沥青中制得橡胶沥青.结果表明:橡胶沥青的类型和粘度对沥青混合料的压实性能影响十分明显,橡胶沥青混合料的压实系数与压实过程中的压实功关系密切;压实系数越小,则所需压实功越小;压实性能上,有橡胶加入的沥青混合料的比未加橡胶的混合料的要差.     

铁路动车组的运用问题研究

阐述了动车组运用问题的内涵及条件．围绕动车组运用模式、动车组运用计划编制模型、动车组运用计划编制算法等方面的问题,对现有研究成果进行了纵向比较与评述;同时在动车组运用问题相关方面的阐述中对研究成果进行了横向比较与评述．分析了现有研究成果并对动车组运用问题研究进行了展望．     

旧沥青路面上直接加铺水泥混凝土面层的应用研究

在对旧沥青路面的病害进行挖补维修处理后,与以往研究采用的加铺超薄层小板块混凝土不同,而是采用直接加铺常用板块尺寸的普通水泥混凝土面层.这一研究经过试验路五年的运营考验,路面使用状况良好,可在不中断交通的道路改扩建工程中推广应用.     

点火系统技术参数对汽油机排放的影响研究

以配置分电器微机控制电子点火系统的广州本田雅阁F23A1发动机为例,研究了点火系统技术参数对发动机排放的影响,介绍了排放测试系统的组成及测试方法.试验结果表明,点火系统的火花塞间隙、蓄电池电压、高压线阻抗及点火提前角等技术参数的改变会导致点火能量或点火时间上的改变,从而对HC排放都有一定的影响,而对CO排放影响都不大.