Labour productivity of Australian registered ships 1948-1978

This time-series analysis follows a study which measured maritime productivity indices in the period 1859 to 1919 [1] using a method developed in a theoretical model[2]. Because of the availability of data and the development of maritime technology three productivity indices were tested and specialized carrying classes included. Growth rates were significant and were predictably higher than in the earlier study.     

Non-Linear Dynamics of Railway Vehicles

The theoretical development of the lateral dynamics of railway vehicles has made rapid strides in recent years and many of the instabilities arising from the geometry of the wheel-rail interface and the forces acting in the contact area are now understood. In addition methods of analysis of curving and dynamic response to track irregularities have been developed and validated by experiment. This paper reviews the present status of equations of motion, limit cycle solutions for hunting oscillations and the relationship of stability to behaviour in curves.     

An improved algorithm for matching partial registration numbers

In order to identify route choice, registration number surveys were carried out and the numbers were then matched. Because of the nature of the routes being investigated, it was found that the level of spurious matches was large relative to the number of tripmakers. This cast considerable doubt on the estimated number of tripmakers and their mean journey times. Accordingly, it was necessary to devise an algorithm which minimised the effect of such errors. This algorithm and a method of estimating the number of residual spurious matches is discussed in this paper and is compared with the original algorithm for an actual example.     

Variances and covariances for origin-destination flows when estimated by log-linear models

An expression is derived for the variances and covariances of the logarithms of origin- destination flows when estimated by one of a family of log-linear models. Among this family is the Furness growth factor model, the gravity model, the Willumsen model and the Van Zuylen-Bell model. Variances and covariances for the logarithms of the parameters incorporating prior information and for the values of the constraints with which the fitted values must conform are transformed linearly into approximate variances and covariances for the logarithms of the fitted values. Additional error due to misspecification of either the model or the constraints is not taken into account. Depending on the model, the prior information parameters may correspond to values of a deterrence function or to a base year trip matrix, while the constraints may represent design year trip end totals or traffic counts. As an illustration, the expression is applied to an example involving Willumsen's model.     

Evaluation of marine radar as an ocean-wave-field detector through full numerical simulation

The importance of ocean waves parameters (propagation direction, mean period, significant wave height, etc.) is related to several aspects of a ships safety, efficiency in operation, routing, design, and maintenance. However, some available methods for obtaining those parameters have data limitations and inconvenient aspects. In severe weather conditions, an ocean-wave-field detector is necessary. This can provide two-dimensional ocean-wave-field information directly. Among other conventional methods, ship-borne wave radar has the ability to function as such a detector, and some researchers have tried to develop practical systems. A numerical approach using plan position indicator (PPI) images from conventional marine radars is proposed to retrieve valuable information from the ocean waves. A three-dimensional Fourier transform is applied to a set of consecutive radar PPI images to perform spectrum analysis. The removal of undesired elements in the spectrum is achieved by applying a hi-pass filter to remove static components, and by comparing the data with the expected dispersion shell to correct for nonocean-wave power. Numerical experiments under controlled conditions using simulated PPI images were performed through numerical simulations based on theoretical ocean-wave equations. The results include a comparison between the original wave parameters used in the simulation and the values retrieved from the spectrum analysis.     

汽车液压主动悬架系统模糊控制研究

设计了一个汽车液压主动悬架装置，运用模糊控制技术对所设计的悬架系统的控制策略及控掣登嚣进行了研究。研究结果表明，所设计的主动悬架装置是正确的，采用模糊控制策略能够保证悬架系统具有较好的控制效果。     

Design of a Stroke Dependent Damper for the Front Axle Suspension of a Truck Using Multibody System Dynamics and Numerical Optimization

Summary A stroke dependent damper is designed for the front axle suspension of a truck. The damper supplies extra damping for inward deflections rising above 4 cm. In this way the damper should reduce extreme suspension deflections without deteriorating the comfort of the truck. But the question is which stroke dependent damping curve yields the best compromise between suspension deflection working space and comfort. Therefore an optimization problem is defined to minimize the maximum inward suspension deflection subject to constraints on the chassis acceleration for three typical road undulations. The optimization problem is solved using sequential linear programming (SLP) and multibody dynamics simulation software. Several optimization runs have been carried out for a small two degree of freedom vehicle model and a large full-scale model of the truck semi-trailer combination. The results show that the stroke dependent damping can reduce large deflections at incidental road disturbances, but that the optimum stroke dependent damping curve is related to the acceleration bound. By means of vehicle model simulation and numerical optimization we have been able to quantify this trade-off between suspension deflection working space and truck comfort.     

轨道运输隧道安全疏散系统——以台北捷运为例

台湾近年来新兴轨道运输系统方兴未艾,都市轨道运输系统,因其路线多经过都市闹区,故常采用地下型式兴建,当发生意外事故或灾变时,乘客能否安全逃生必须倚赖系统对隧道内与地下车站之乘客安全疏散所设计的逃生设备及事前完备规划的操作程序;目前台北捷运系统在隧道段及地下车站之灾害处理对策部份,已属成熟,由于台北捷运系统为台湾都会区轨道运输系统最先施作者,其规划设计除参考国外捷运系统之相关规划设计准则外,并融合台北都会区域活动特性而订定了台北捷运系统地下隧道乘客逃生操作程序,本文将台北捷运系统规划隧道安全疏散程序及地下车站乘客疏散原则,作一全面性说明及分析,希望能提供国内其它轨道运输隧道系统安全规划之案例参考.