Non-natural equilibrium contour design for radial tire and its influence on tire performance

Two types of radial tire 11.00R20 and 385/65R22.5 are chosen as the research objects, and their carcass contours are redesigned by using Sakai Hideo’s, Frank’s and the new non-natural equilibrium contour design theories, which were based on analyzing the current non-equilibrium contour design theories of radial tire. Then the tire wear, rolling resistance and grip performance of the two radial tires designed by different non-natural equilibrium contour design theories are comprehensively analyzed with the finite element software ABAQUS. The results show that Frank’s contour design theory can reduce tire wear; the new non-natural equilibrium contour design theory can enhance tire wear, rolling resistance performance, etc. It is also found that the tire carcass contour has great influence on tire performance, especially on the tire rolling resistance. The new non-natural equilibrium contour theory provides a guidance to reduce the tire rolling resistance, and it can break through the target conflicts in tire performance. The tire with the new non-natural equilibrium carcass contour can enhance its comprehensive performance.     

Shape design optimization of interior permanent magnet motor for vibration mitigation using level set method

This paper presents a new optimization method to obtain the structural design of permanent magnet motor which can reduce the mechanical vibration. The optimization problem is formulated to minimize a multi-objective function including the mean compliance of the whole stator for maximizing the stiffness under the magnetic force and the torque ripple by aligning torque profiles to a constant target value for maximizing the magnetic performance, with constraint for material usage. The level set function is introduced for representing the structural boundaries and calculating the material properties. A coupled magneto-mechanical analysis is performed to verify the vibration characteristic of the motor system and obtain the design sensitivities. To confirm the usefulness of the proposed design method and to obtain the optimum structural design for low vibration motor, a design example of 20 kW interior permanent magnet motor developed for the power train of a hybrid electric vehicle is provided.     

Improving multi-channel wave-based V2X communication to support advanced driver assistance system (ADAS)

The advent of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication has opened the opportunity to design advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) that collect information from sensors in neighboring vehicles and roadside infrastructure. IEEE and ETSI have designed network protocol standards for V2X communications. Despite the differences between the vehicular wireless communication architecture defined by ETSI and the IEEE protocol stack, the two standards have multichannel operations as a main commonality, with some channels dedicated to safety-critical applications and others to nonsafety services. Some recent studies have demonstrated that these standards might not provide sufficient channel utilization for reliable exchange of information in mid- and heavily congested scenarios. In this paper, we propose and evaluate the performance of a driver-assistance system to reduce the connectivity gaps between vehicles and roadside units (RSUs). This cooperative system of multi-service channel allocation will improve radio channel utilization. We also show that the required latency for this inter-vehicle communication can be obtained using the IEEE-WAVE standards and dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) proposed for vehicular environments. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can improve the average throughput by up to 15 % in various traffic density conditions compared with the dynamic channel allocation method.     

Study on rail corrugation of a metro tangential track with Cologne-egg type fasteners

In Chinese metro lines, rail corrugation on both tangential and tight curved tracks with Cologne-egg type fasteners is very severe. Based on the viewpoint of friction-induced vibration causing rail corrugation, the rail corrugation on a tangential track with Cologne-egg type fasteners is studied in this paper. A vibration model of an elastic multiple-wheelset-track system with Cologne-egg type fasteners is established. Both the complex eigenvalue analysis and the transient dynamic analysis are performed to study the stability and the dynamic performance of the wheelset-track system. The simulation results show that a low rail support stiffness value is responsible for rail corrugation on the tangential track. When the Cologne-egg fasteners characterised by a lower stiffness value are replaced with the DTVI2 fasteners characterised by a higher stiffness value, rail corrugation disappears. However, rail corrugation on tight curved tracks cannot be suppressed using the same replacement. The above conclusions are consistent with the corrugation occurrences in actual metro tracks.     

考虑损伤下的汽车吸能盒轴向压缩特性研究

用有限元软件ABAQUS对钢质、铝合金质吸能盒的吸能特性进行对比研究,采用不同的损伤模型模拟材料的变形行为,比较了两种吸能盒轴向压缩距离、变形模式、评价指标的变化特性。结果表明,数值模拟下吸能盒的轴向压缩距离和变形模式与试验结果吻合。在冲击速度为10 m/s的低速碰撞下,铝合金质吸能盒吸收的能量与钢质吸能盒相比减少了6%;钢质吸能盒的吸能效率为35.5 kJ/mm,比铝合金质吸能盒高。铝合金质吸能盒相较于钢质吸能盒在压缩过程中形成了明显的折叠褶皱,边缘处材料失效,单元被移除。吸能盒的评价指标中铝合金质吸能盒的比吸能 （SEA）、峰值碰撞力 （PCF） 均比钢质吸能盒更优,钢质吸能盒的吸能量 （EA）、平均碰撞力 （MCF） 比铝合金质吸能盒更优。铝合金相比钢更适合作为中低速碰撞时车用吸能盒的材料。     

基于聚焦深度的沥青路面微观纹理三维图像重构方法研究

沥青路面微观纹理三维图像重构是研究其微观性能的基本方法之一,针对国内外沥青路面微观纹理三维图像重构方法的不足,运用聚焦深度法,通过单目体视显微镜沿垂直沥青试块表面方向拍摄序列图像,采用改进的Laplacian聚焦算子进行序列图像融合并确定融合图像中每点所属的高度层次,用高斯插值算法得到每点准确的高度值,进而实现沥青路面微观纹理三维重构.与激光轮廓仪测量的断面轮廓线进行对比分析,验证了其精度和可行性.试验结果表明该方法可以高精度重构沥青路面三维微观纹理.     

电动汽车用PMSM的设计与研究

PMSM具有高效率、宽调速、响应速度快等优点而逐步成为电动汽车主驱动系统的主流。通过对自主研发PMSM的主要参数进行推导,分析了参数设计的选择方法,采用Ansoft软件的RMxprt和Maxwell 2D模块对自主研发电机构建模型,进行了有限元仿真,以及对反电势、转矩、齿部磁密和轭部磁密的分布情况做了分析。最后对自主研发电机经过测试,试验结果较好地验证了仿真结果,这为PMSM的设计和参数的研究优化提供了参考依据。     

三维波束成形麦克风阵列在风洞测试中的应用

得益于非常安静的背景噪声（风速 140 km/h,声压级小于 58 dBA）和优秀的低频压力脉动（Cp rms ＜ 0.005）,中国汽车工程研究院（CAERI）风洞中心的气动声学风洞为汽车空气动力学开发提供良好的声学测试平台。中国汽研风洞中心安装一套由 3 块麦克风阵列（3×168 通道）组成的三维麦克风阵列测试系统,对车外气动噪声源进行定位及分析。采用“声学照相机原理”,即噪声云图通过波束成形的高级算法投射到车身三维表面（3D）上进行定位显示。     

内蒙古自治区沥青路面技术状况评定优化及验证

从路面损坏类型、病害分类判定、技术状况指标计算等方面入手,充分结合内蒙古自治区的气候、环境及路面特点,对内蒙古自治区沥青路面技术状况评定进行优化。结果表明:现行标准未考虑西北高寒地区裂缝的普遍性,建议降低横向裂缝、修补的破损计算权重,以缝宽5 mm作为横向裂缝轻、重的判别;现行标准未考虑内蒙古特殊的拱胀病害,建议在损坏类型中增加拱胀,并按拱胀隆起高度不同分为轻、重2个等级;针对现行标准对PQI进行加权均一化处理的不足,建议针对高速公路、一级公路PQI各指标权重系数采用浮动算法,突出路面破损的影响,避免病害平均化。     

质子交换膜燃料电池催化剂研究进展

降低催化剂成本、提高催化剂性能是燃料电池汽车实现商业化的前提。本文结合质子交换膜燃料电池关键材料催化剂的现状,主要从铂基催化剂、其他贵金属催化剂和非铂基催化剂对质子交换膜燃料电池催化剂研究进展和热点进行分析及展望。