政府干预与政策竞争:欧盟阻止船舶移籍的经验及其对中国的启示

从政策选择上对如何阻止长期以来困扰国际海运业的船舶移籍问题进行探讨，基于对国内外船舶移籍现状及其发展过程的分析，深入分析了欧盟成员国在阻止船舶移籍方面所采取的政府干预与政策竞争策略，指出了中国改善船舶移籍状况的政策取向。     

Computer Vision and Highway Automation

A survey is given on the development of machine vision for road vehicle guidance. Through early work in real-time simulation with real hardware in the loop at UBM, and through the EUREKA-project 'Prometheus' from 1987 to 1994 following the 100 th anniversary of road vehicle developments since 1886, Europe has pioneered the field. Since first fully autonomous testdrives in 1986, and first participation in public traffic in 1992, considerable progress has been achieved. With continuous growth in computing power of microprocessors at a rate of about one order of magnitude every four to five years, sufficient performance levels for dynamic machine vision will be available within one or two decades. The principles of dynamic vision as developed at UBM and performance levels achieved are discussed.     

土工合成材料及其在公路工程中的应用

介绍了我国公路土工合成材料应用技术规范的主要内容和土工合成材料在美国的应用情况，并将我国规范和美国规范进行了比较。     

Two-Dimensional Motion of Vehicles Damaged due to Collision

This paper deals with two-dimensional motion analysis of vehicles damaged due to collision. Various parts of vehicles are damaged due to collision in general. The effects of the damage in vehicle body and wheels on the vehicle motions are investigated. The center of gravity of the vehicle and the polar moment of inertia are changed by the deformation of vehicle body. Furthermore, the geometrical relations of wheels like wheelbase, treads and steering angles may be changed by damage of the wheels. Thus the vehicle loses symmetry with respect to the vehicle axis. The four-wheel vehicle model is extended to take into account the vehicle damage due to collision. The motions of damaged vehicles are compared with those of undamaged vehicles. It is found that vehicle damages have a significant influence on vehicle motion after impact.     

Performance Index for a Preview Active Suspension Applied to a Quarter-Car Model

A simple and convenient matrix expression is derived for the performance index in the case of a linear vehicle model with two degrees of freedom and a preview active suspension, subject to a unit step road input and employing optimal control. The usual quadratic integral-type performance index is assumed and the effect of an additional form of constraint is described briefly. The effects of preview time on the performance index and the optimal feed-forward control are illustrated graphically for a particular example.     

Mathematical Modelling of Vibrations and Loading of Railway Tanks Taking into Account the Liquid Cargo Mobility

Dynamics and loading of railway tank cars transporting liquid cargo are investigated. The approach based on the mechanical-pendulum analogy for the liquid cargo mobility simulation is proposed. Hydrodynamic parameters of the mechanical analogy are determined using the solution of the boundary-value problem for the liquid cargo vibrations in a cavity with the tank boiler shape. The fitting of the developed mathematical models is proved by comparison of calculated results and test data. Vibration characteristics and loading of tank-cars under their shunt collisions and motion along straight and curved track in trains are evaluated. It is shown that as a rule the liquid cargo mobility has an essential influence on tank dynamic properties.     

设计大师看中国城市轨道交通——访中国工程设计大师、上海市轨道交通学科研究发展中心领衔专家俞加康先生

在上海乃至全国的轨道交通设计领域．有一位老人．他在时代所赋予的机遇下．用才智与汗水在轨道交通建设史上抒写下宏伟篇章。从1965年大学毕业后开始城市轨道交通的研究工作．十年动乱期间地铁研究的暂停使他拿起画笔画了十年油画．80年代后地铁建设重新提上日程．如同遇到了第二春．他把聪明才智描绘在上海轨道交通建设的壮丽画卷上。他，一个人．曾担负起上海轨道交通建设7条线的总体设计职责．这在世界轨道交通史上至今是唯一的．可能以后也将是唯一的。人们提起他的名字．有一种发自内心的尊敬和爱戴，并亲切地称他为“轨道交通设计大师”．他就是中国工程设计大师、上海市轨道交通学科研究发展中心领衔专家俞加康先生。身为建设部城市轨道交通专家组成员的俞加康大师。如今一年中有将近一半的时间奔波于全国各大城市的轨道交通建设规划、工程可行性研究、总体设计、初步设计及项目评审．对中国城市轨道交通的发展进程了如指掌。[编者按]     

中国地铁，看“成都特色”——访成都地铁有限责任公司总工程师于波先生

在日新月异的中国城市轨道交通建设历程中，西部地铁建设城市成都正以其创新、节约、谨慎的独特气质吸引行业的极大关注，同时其背后强大的设备招投标市场亦是轨道交通装备产业市场的一支兴奋剂。值成都地铁建设正如火如茶之际，本刊记者采访了成都地铁总工程师于波先生，且看他为我们揭开独树一帜的成都地铁建设的面纱。[编者按]     

基于Mindlin位移解的超大群桩基础沉降计算

针对18根和64根超长大直径群桩基础,采用Mindlin位移解,假定桩端阻力为集中力和桩侧摩擦阻力呈向下线性增加分布形式后,推导出沉降计算公式.在苏通长江公路大桥主桥索塔群桩基础离心试验的模型地基条件下,按照变形比法来确定压缩土层的计算深度,对这两类超长大直径群桩进行沉降量计算.研究结果表明,与离心模型试验沉降值相比,两类群桩理论计算沉降值均偏低,18根群桩基础沉降理论计算值偏低16.8%,而64根群桩基础偏低39.9%.可见,用基于Mindlin位移解对超长大直径群桩基础进行沉降计算时,理论值偏低,同时也表明群桩效应对桩数较多的群桩沉降计算影响较大.