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891.
Modeling of tire cornering properties using experimental modal parameters is studied. With tire lateral experimental modal parameters, the distribution of side force and lateral deformation under total adhesive and sliding conditions are obtained. Side force, self-aligning, cornering stiffness and relaxation length under different loads and friction coefficients are also calculated. The calculated results are in correspondence to experimental results in the references qualitatively. The non-dimensional side force obtained from the calculated results is compared with the Fiala model, its modified expression by experiments and also the widely used empirical Magic Formula model. The calculated results tally well with the fitted results obtained using Magic Formula model. It can be seen that the tire steady state cornering model using experimental modal parameters proposed in this paper is better for an in-depth study of tire natural characteristics, and the labored experimental work can be avoided.  相似文献   
892.
G1206型大功率液力传动内燃机车   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
G1206型机车是VSFT公司的RAG公司生产的标准大功率液力传动内燃机车,它的最显著的特点是功率大、工作可靠、适应重载牵引和调车作业。对该型机车的主要结构部件,如柴油机、液力换向传动装置、空压机、转向架、中央控制器等均作了介绍。  相似文献   
893.
    
The general form of the equations of motion of a symmetric railway vehicle with two unsymmetric two-axle bogies is derived. The equations include a generic elastic stiffness matrix that describes the nature and configuration of the structural connections between the various components of the vehicle. This matrix satisfies the condition for perfect steering (without generating creep forces) on uniform curves and the necessary condition for dynamic stability derived in previous work. The paper shows the application of these basic conditions to a class of generic unsymmetric bogies. The analysis has as its objective the derivation of the simplest rather than the most general configuration that meets the conditions imposed. The results are related to past and current practice. It is shown that perfect steering, with stability at low speeds, can be achieved by means of passive suspension elements not employing linkages, and that it is possible to simplify existing steering arrangements.  相似文献   
894.
    
Continuously updated knowledge of the friction potential and the friction demand can help to improve manoeuvrability and thereby safety of vehicles under slippery road conditions. An on line friction estimation method is presented using a simple brush type tyre model. First the method is verified by outdoor experiments using a tyre test trailer. Then the setup of a low-cost measurement system in a vehicle is discussed and results from both simulations and outdoor experiments are presented. Neural networks have been used both for modelling and identification of friction potential and friction demand.  相似文献   
895.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
A 1/5 scale roller rig has been constructed for use in analysing the dynamic behaviour of railway vehicles. The roller rig includes a servo hydraulic system to allow a realistic input of track irregularities at the rollers and instrumentation is fitted to allow measurement of the position and acceleration of the bodies. This paper reports on the first stage in validating the behaviour of the roller rig using a relatively simple, linear computer model constructed in MATLAB. Initial results show good correlation between the behaviour seen on the roller rig and that predicted by the model.  相似文献   
896.
大众汽车公司的机械式G型增压器   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
WellB.  H 张兆奎 《汽车工程》1994,16(3):161-169
本文介绍了德国大众汽车公司设计、生产的采用螺旋推进压气原理的工作的G型增压器,对其原理、结果及应用作了详细的分析说明。  相似文献   
897.
  总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
The improvements of ride comfort and vehicle maneuverability in the vehicle design can be achieved by using an active suspension. However, the problems in such a control are the complex control logic because of the control laws incompatible with the improvements of ride comfort and maneuverability, and the cost increase because of various sensors to be attached. Therefore, we examined the control abilities of ride comfort and maneuverability on a unique control law using frequency shaped LQ, and controlled the characteristic of the contact between tire and road without a road displacement sensor  相似文献   
898.
    
Ventilation system in a bus is employed to provide good indoor air quality and thermal comfort for passengers. Poor ventilation system will increase the concentration level of air contaminants which could affect the passenger’s health. The presence mixing ventilation system used in many buses is not efficient in removing the air contaminants from the passenger compartments. This article presents a study on the effects of using different ventilation setups on the concentration level of gases and particulate matters inside a passenger compartment of a university’s shuttle bus. The goal is to find a suitable layout of the air supply diffusers and air return grilles that would lower the concentration level of contaminants inside the passenger compartment. Field measurements were carried out to quantify the concentration of gases (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and formaldehyde) and particulate matters (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10). The measurements were done at the front section of the bus compartment, close to the front door. The data were acquired in the morning, afternoon and evening hours during a clear and sunny day. The bus travelled along an in-campus road with no passengers. A simplified three-dimensional model of the bus compartment was developed using computational fluid dynamics software. Flow analyses were carried out to predict distribution of gases and particulate matters concentration. The concentrations of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde and particulate matters obtained from the field measurements were used as boundary conditions and for validating the computational model. A parametric study was carried out to identify a suitable layout of air supply diffusers and air return grilles that would lower the concentration level of the air contaminants. Two types of ventilation systems were considered namely a displacement ventilation and an underfloor air distribution. Results show that the underfloor air distribution system is more effective in reducing the concentration level of gases and particulate matters inside the passenger compartment compared to the displacement ventilation system.  相似文献   
899.
    
It is well known that backward motion control of an articulated vehicle is difficult because it is an open loop unstable system and such motion is also dangerous due to ‘jackknifing’. In this paper, an anti-jackknife reverse tracking control strategy for autonomous articulated vehicles is proposed based on the combined longitudinal and lateral control scheme. In the proposed lateral-longitudinal control scheme, the major task is to control the reverse heading of the trailer by automatic steering strategies that observe both the anti-jackknife condition and input limitations. The main contribution of this paper is the development of globally asymptotic anti-jackknife stabilising and tracking controls of heading angles with both state and input constraints considered a priori. The proposed control inherently has an anti-windup mechanism that prevents the hitch angle from going beyond any specified critical value to avoid jackknifing, during which time, the steering angle remains at its limit. Stability of the controller is theoretically proven via the Lyapunov argument. Effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by CarSim and Simulink joint simulations.  相似文献   
900.
    
This research applies R-Markov Average Reward Technique based reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm, namely RMART, for vehicular signal control problem leveraging information sharing among signal controllers in connected vehicle environment. We implemented the algorithm in a network of 18 signalized intersections and compare the performance of RMART with fixed, adaptive, and variants of the RL schemes. Results show significant improvement in system performance for RMART algorithm with information sharing over both traditional fixed signal timing plans and real time adaptive control schemes. The comparison with reinforcement learning algorithms including Q learning and SARSA indicate that RMART performs better at higher congestion levels. Further, a multi-reward structure is proposed that dynamically adjusts the reward function with varying congestion states at the intersection. Finally, the results from test networks show significant reduction in emissions (CO, CO2, NOx, VOC, PM10) when RL algorithms are implemented compared to fixed signal timings and adaptive schemes.  相似文献   
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