马氏体镍钢用于制造全海深载人舱的可行性初探

为进一步探索深渊海沟,需要研制全海深载人潜水器。在给定设计深度下,潜水器的成功研制取决于对载人舱选材的合理性。合理选材使得载人舱的重量较小,同时,材料具备良好的综合性能使其能够承受非常高的外部压力及适应严峻的环境条件。在全海深载人舱设计过程中,马氏体时效钢以其较高的强度、良好的韧性、较好的可加工性能及热处理性能而备受关注。其中,18Ni系马氏体时效钢因具备较好的综合性能而作为全海深载人舱的备选材料,因此在载人舱设计之前需要对备选材料的综合性能进行合理的评估。该文对载人舱材料选择标准进行了探讨,以此为基础,针对18Ni系马氏体镍钢的重要性能指标进行了分析,分析结果将为后续的材料试验研究和载人舱初步设计提供理论指导。     

基于AT89S52单片机的民用地震报警器的设计

为实现地震信息的报警及生命信息的探测,设计了地震检测报警系统。根据地震波的特点,采用加速度传感器检测地震波,经单片机分析、处理后,判断地震发生与否。如果检测到地震发生,警报系统第一时间向人们发出地震警报和逃生语音提示,之后通过内置的生命探测红外传感器探测周围的生命信息,当检测到被困人员时,无线发射模块向外界发送两种不同频率的电磁波,进行无线求救和语音求助,以求最大限度地减少地震灾害造成的损失。     

基于RT-LAB的电力推进船舶半物理仿真研究

实验室内电推船舶的研究常采用小比例模型的方式。考虑到场地和经费的因素,仿真技术也被应用于电推船舶的研究,但是数字仿真存在置信度不足的缺点。本文以实时仿真机RT-LAB为基础,将受场地经费限制的设备以模型的形式在仿真机中运行,与实物一起搭建电推船半物理仿真平台。既可以克服数字仿真置信度不足的缺点,同时也便于进行工况的修改。     

引江济汉工程取水对航道通航条件的影响

引江济汉工程是从长江荆江河段引水至汉江兴隆段的大型输水工程,以补给汉江下游河段因南水北调中线一期工程调水而减少的水量,年平均输水量37亿m3。工程取水将会对长江中游荆江河段产生影响。以三峡175 m试验性运行期（2008年以后）作为一般水文年,根据引江济汉工程设计取水流量,通过计算工程取水所引起的长江干流河道流量及水位的变化值,分析受影响河段航道条件的变化情况。     

船用柴油机排气系统联锁保护功能改进设计

针对某型船用柴油机存在的排气系统管路积水情况下柴油机无法自动停机保护的安全隐患,提出应急情况下柴油机安全联锁保护方案,并对联锁保护控制电路进行自诊断功能设计,不仅可以在排气系统管路积水达到危险水位时控制柴油机自动停机,而且当系统功能故障时,可以通过自诊断功能将故障定位至可更换单元。     

带月池深海钻井船摇荡运动性能分析

海上钻井作业过程要求钻井船具备良好的稳定性能,而月池内流体柱的不规则振荡以及钻井船细长的船体外形都将对船体运动性能造成不利影响,从而限制其在恶劣海域的作业适应性。文章基于三维势流理论对带月池钻井船的摇荡运动进行预报,并通过船模试验对预报结果进行有效性验证。在此基础上,提出钻井船摇荡运动衡准值,对钻井船海上作业适应性进行研究,分析月池尺度和形状对钻井船运动性能的影响。     

钢渣粗集料混凝土耐久性能试验研究

对不同掺量的钢渣粗集料混凝土耐久性进行了试验研究。结果表明,与普通碎石集料混凝土相比,钢渣粗集料混凝土的抗碳化性能、抗氯离子渗透性和抗冻性都有不同程度的提高。     

Application of a modified thermostatic control strategy to parallel mild HEV for improving fuel economy in urban driving conditions

A modified thermostatic control strategy is applied to the powertrain control of a parallel mild hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) to improve fuel economy. This strategy can improve the fuel economy of a parallel mild HEV by operating internal combustion engine (ICE) in a high-efficiency region. Thus, in this study, experiments of a parallel mild HEV were conducted to analyze the characteristics of the hybrid electric powertrain and a numerical model is developed for the vehicle. Based on the results, the thermostatic control strategy was modified and applied to the vehicle model. Also, battery protection logic by using electrochemical battery model is applied because the active usage of battery by thermostatic control strategy can damage the battery. The simulation results of the vehicle under urban driving conditions show that the thermostatic control strategy can improve the vehicle’s fuel economy by 3.7 % compared with that of the conventional strategy. The results also suggest that the trade-off between the fuel economy improvement by efficient ICE operation and the battery life reduction by active battery usage should be carefully investigated when a thermostatic control strategy is applied to a parallel mild HEV.     

Real-time empirical NO<Subscript>x</Subscript> model based on In-cylinder pressure measurements for light-duty diesel engines

This paper proposes a real-time empirical model of NO_x emissions for diesel engines. The proposed model predicts the level of NO_x emissions using an empirical model developed based on the thermal NO formation mechanism, the extended Zeldovich mechanism. Since it is difficult to consider the exact physical NO formation phenomena in real-time applications, the proposed algorithm adapts the key factors of the NO formation mechanism from the extended Zeldovich mechanism: temperature of the burned gas, concentration of the gas species, and combustion duration where NO is generated. These factors are considered in a prediction model as four parameters: exhaust gas recirculation rate (EGR rate), crank angle location of 50 % of mass fraction burned (MFB50), exhaust lambda value, and combustion acceleration. The proposed prediction model is validated with various steady engine experiments that showed a high linear correlation with the NO_x emission measured by a NO_x sensor. Furthermore, it is also validated for transient experiments.     

Flamelet combustion model for stratified EGR distribution in a diesel engine

Numerous research has been devoted to finding a method to simultaneously reduce NOx and soot emissions from diesel engines. In-cylinder EGR stratification is a technique that simultaneously reduces NOx and soot using a nonuniform EGR distribution in the combustion chamber. To study the potential of in-cylinder EGR stratification, a new combustion model is required that considers the non-uniform EGR distribution and the chemical kinetics. In this study, a new combustion model, the Flamelet for Stratified EGR (FSE) model, was developed to consider the non-uniform in-cylinder gas distribution based on chemical kinetics. The concept of the FSE model is based on using multiple flamelets with the multizone concept. To describe the non-uniform gas distribution, the combustion chamber is divided into several zones by oxygen concentration at the start of injection. Then, the flamelet equations are solved at the boundary of each zone. The final species mass fraction of each cell is calculated using linear interpolation between two results from the boundaries. In this paper, the FSE model was validated under in-cylinder EGR stratification conditions, and then, the potential of in-cylinder EGR stratification was studied by using the FSE model. The effect of in-cylinder EGR stratification was verified under various injection timing, engine speed, and road conditions with optimized engine geometries. The results shows simultaneous NOx and soot reductions under the stratified EGR condition.