Research on a multi-grid model for passenger evacuation in ships

In order to enhance the authenticity and accuracy of passenger evacuation simulation in ships, a new multi-grid model was proposed on the basis of a traditional cellular automata model. In the new model finer lattices were used, interaction of force among pedestrians or between pedestrians and constructions was considered, and static floor fields in a multi-level exit environment were simplified into cabin and exit static floor fields. Compared with the traditional cellular automata model, the multi-grid model enhanced the continuity of the passengers’track and the precision of the boundary qualifications. The functions of the dislocation distribution of passengers as well as partial overlap of tracks due to congestion were realized. Furthermore, taking the typical cabin environment as an example, the two models were used to analyze passenger evacuation under the same conditions. It was found that the laws of passenger evacuation simulated by the two models are similar, while the simulation’s authenticity and accuracy are enhanced by the multi-grid model.     

武汉动车段检查库设计思考

介绍武汉动车段检查库设计,其现代新颖、庄重大气的建筑外观,主库与边跨既相互独立又相互依存的布置方式,已成为检查库设计的样板模式。屋顶悬挂式立体作业平台,大孔口半架空轨道桥,为动车组进行全方位、多层次的作业创造了条件。多功能的地下通行综合管沟,在合理有序的布置各种管线的同时兼做送风通道。集成化的新工艺新设备是检查库的核心设施,体现了高标准、现代化和以人为本的设计理念,确保了动车组快速高效的完成作业,提高了动车组运用效率。     

轨道精密三维测控新技术的研究与应用

介绍城市轨道交通领域的轨道三维测控新技术,通过在地下控制测量中研究并应用自由测站三维边角测量新技术,实现控制点在施工与运营维护中的长久保存和使用,可显著提高地铁控制网的精度;在城市轨道交通中提出并应用轨道几何状态测量仪进行轨道精密测量,实现城市轨道测量的自动化与程序化,可提高轨道的初始平顺性;研究轨道基础控制网的测量与三维数据处理技术,并研发出自由测站三维边角网的数据采集与处理软件,可实现数据采集与处理的一体化,能够有效提高轨道测控的相对和绝对精度以及平顺性,具有较好的推广应用价值。     

道路侧碰事故伤亡分析

侧面碰撞事故的发生率和致死率仅次于正面碰撞,而致伤率居于第一位.文章对道路侧碰事故伤亡原因进行分析,包括车辆侧碰的事故特征、车内乘员伤亡类型、伤亡原因,用受力分析的方法论证了车辆发生侧碰事故后的运动情况,最后总结了不同侧碰情况下车辆乘员的死亡原因,并提出了提高车辆侧面安全性的新方法措施.     

美国桥梁长期性能研究计划进展及其思考

美国桥梁长期性能研究（LTBP）计划自2008年开始至今,取得了一系列研究成果,引进和学习该计划的优秀理念和成果,对提升我国的桥梁管养技术具有十分重要的意义.文章着重介绍了LTBP计划的产生背景、概况和最新进展;并阐述了笔者在研究该计划的过程中,对我国桥梁管养技术和研究现状的一些思考.     

通勤班车出行线路优化研究

基于通勤班车出行者意向调查与分析,掌握班车出行行为特性,建立了基于ML模型的班车出行前端衔接方式选择模型,确定前端衔接时间.并以满足最大出行需求、线路总体通行时间最短的路径寻优双重目标,建立了班车线路优化模型,并通过启发式算法进行求解.研究结果表明,约占78.1%的班车出行者前端衔接时间占总出行时间的比例在0.2～0.5;85%以上的班车出行者希望(容忍)最早出发时间不早于实际出发时间,通过实例验证可通过通勤班车线路的优化设置来提高公共交通出行.     

两种不同树脂夹板松牙固定的临床对照观察

应用光敏树脂—尼龙丝夹板治疗牙周炎患者松动牙196组,随访复查148组;自凝树脂—尼龙丝夹板治疗牙周炎患者松动牙218组,随访复查163组。经统计学处理,两种夹板治疗牙周炎患者松动牙之有效率的差异有高度显著性。作者认为光敏树脂—尼龙丝夹板是临床治疗牙周炎患者牙松动的一种有效方法。     

脑出血致多脏器功能失常综合征的多因素相关分析

探讨多脏器功能失常综合征（Multipleorgandysfunctionsyndrome，MODS）的病因及高危因素。对229例老年脑出血患者进行了回顾性调查，其中MODS患者97例，与132例无MODS的脑出血患者的临床资料比较，结果表明：原发病的危重程度和全身炎症反应综合征（Systemicinflammatoryresponsesyndrome，SIRS）与MODS的发生密切相关（P＜0．01）。MODS的高危因素的单因素分析均有统计意义（P＜0．05）。作者认为除了脑出血本身的严重程度外，治疗不当、老年患者并存躯体疾病也是激发SIRS和MODS的重要因素。     

减速带减速原理及其应用

为弥补交通标志标线对机动车驾驶员减速效果的不足,在对交通平静化的减速措施——减速带传统研究的基础上,提出了新型的无破损减速带,分析减速带控制驾驶员行驶车速心理,提出了减速带设计流程,确保车辆以低速通过减速带设置区域并保障车辆通过的安全性。最后在南方某城市几条道路路段和交叉口进行减速带试点工程,进行尺寸设计以改善安全状况。     

Characteristic analysis for cognition of dangerous driving using automobile black boxes

Automobile black boxes are devices that collect information regarding vehicle operation and the driver’s operating situation in the case of a traffic accident. The information collected from the automobile black box, which can also be used during normal driving, can provide information about dangerous driving cognition. This study was designed to analyze characteristics of dangerous driving data and build a dangerous driving cognition system as follows. First, dangerous driving is divided into four types by considering the vehicle’s movement, such as acceleration, deceleration, turning and statistical data of traffic accidents. Second, dangerous driving data were collected by vehicle tests using the automobile black box, and characteristics of the driving data were analyzed to classify dangerous driving. Third, a standard threshold was chosen to recognize dangerous driving, and an algorithm of dangerous driving cognition was created. Finally, verification was conducted by vehicle tests with automobile black boxes embedded with the developed algorithm. The presented recognition methods of dangerous driving can be used for on/off-line management of drivers and vehicles. Scientific traffic accident databases can be built with this driving and accident information, and can be used in various industrial areas.