船舶市场复苏缘何快于预期

金融危机爆发以来,船舶市场经历了一次浓缩但相对完整的船市小周期,即萧条、适度回暖、复苏。那么,两年来深处金融危机漩涡中的造船业,为何能快速摆脱衰退实现复苏?市场要素发生了哪些变化?未来船市又将如何发展呢?     

Strong bottom–up effects on phytoplankton community caused by a rainfall during spring and summer in Sagami Bay,Japan

To assess the consequences of bottom-up effects on phytoplankton community composition during the rainy season, phytoplankton levels and environmental factors were monitored daily from 12 April to 22 July 2003 in Sagami Bay, Japan. The relevant environmental factors were analyzed using cross-correlation analyses. Based on time-series analysis, low surface salinity conditions lasting 0 or 2 days after heavy rainfalls resulted in significant nutrient loading, such as dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), into the coastal area. Also, Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration frequently increased 2 and 6 days after rainfall. Based on the high total Chl-a concentration, the time was divided into three periods, from 1 to 11 May (Period A), 26 May to 9 June (Period B) and 30 June to 22 July (Period C). The phytoplankton assemblages during Period A were dominated by two dinoflagellates, Ceratium furca and Ceratium fusus. Prior to these species blooming, the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans was dominant. During Period B, the phytoplankton communities were dominated primarily by the diatoms Rhizosolenia delicatula, Hemiaulus sinensis and Navicula spp. Finally, Cerataulina dentata, Rhizosolenia spp., Lauderia borealis and Neodelphineis pelagica were dominant during Period C. After increases in phytoplankton abundance, available nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) were consumed and exhausted, which were considered a potential cause of the shift in the dominant organisms from large diatoms to pico- and nano-plankton in the low Chl-a environment. In particular, silicate (Si) was not a major limiting factor for phytoplankton production, since the Si:DIN and Si:P ratios clearly demonstrated that there were no any potential stoichiometric Si limitations, and almost all silicate concentrations were > 2.0 µM during this study. Our results reveal that nutrient sources supplied by river discharge are a main cue for strong bottom–up effects on algal bloom succession during the early summer season in Sagami Bay.     

马蹄形盾构的工程应用解析

相较于圆形断面,马蹄形隧道有空间利用率高的优势,浩吉铁路白城隧道在国内首次采用马蹄形土压平衡盾构施工，具有安全、快速、环保的特点。通过梳理盾构施工的统计数据，发现其月平均施工效率达203 m，且每环拼装效率为38～43 min，但突遇姜石地质给施工带来很大的困难。本文阐述了盾构4个施工阶段的应用效果，解析了开挖盲区对多刀盘开挖和推进系统的影响、渣土改良和双螺旋输送机对陕北黄土地质施工的应对措施、马蹄形管片拼装机在应用中的优势与不足。为拓宽马蹄形盾构适用地质领域和提高施工效率，建议盾构今后的技术突破方向： 全断面仿形刀盘的开发和管片拼装系统的智能化，前者可实现盾构无盲区开挖、提升出渣系统效果和降低总推力的需求，后者有利于减少人员操作难度，提高拼装工艺的精准度。     

地铁交通诱发邻近建筑物振动的实测与分析

根据现场实测数据,对某地铁2号线沿线典型区段地铁引起的临近建筑物振动实况和振动特性及其传播规律等进行了分析研究。结果表明:地铁诱发的沿线建筑物的振动以竖向为主,且楼层竖向振动基本表现为整体振动;在框架结构中,振动信号主要是沿柱子向上部楼层传播;楼层振动主要表现为低频的楼板振动,楼层间信号的放大主要集中在20 Hz以下的低频信号。此外,本文还给出建筑物振动实测资料的评价分析,为评估地铁运营诱发的环境振动与城市规划设计提供参考。     

地铁转向架构架动应力测试滤波频率的确定

文章结合上海地铁某转向架线路试验动应力测试结果,分析了典型信号的频率特性,对转向架动应力数据采用不同频率滤波,对滤波后的信号数据进行了比较,并结合采样定理提出了适用于地铁转向架荷载测试的滤波和采样频率。     

永字八法

永字八法是以"永"字的八笔(点、横、竖、钩、捺、仰横、长撇、短撇)为例,阐述毛笔正楷点画用笔的一种方法.     

高效燃烧汽油机技术特点分析与研究

参照近代内燃机技术手段可知,采用阿特金森循环等传统降油耗技术手段往往伴随着发动机动力性能的妥协,因此寻找一种兼顾动力性与经济性的提升热效技术手段变得迫在眉睫。阐述了马自达SKYACTIV-X、现代起亚Smartstream 1.5 L Turbo GDI等高热效汽油机技术路线的原理、结构形式、技术特点,为日后研发工作指明了方向。     

商用车试制PT至SOP快速验证方法研究

目前商用车的开发主要分为骡子车试制、工程试制和试生产几个阶段,与乘用车不同,商用车存在车型配置繁多,而且不同的配置之间可能会对整车在底盘的布置产生影响,进而影响整车在量产线的通过性,因此有必要在PT(工程试制)和SOP(试生产)阶段间加一个验证阶段,文章首先介绍了PT转SOP试制线的布局及工艺编排,然后对PT转SOP快速试制验证流程进行了介绍,最后对PT转SOP量产通过性的判断指标进行了说明,对PT车型如何更好的过渡到量产,减少量产线的停线及线下返工具有一定的参考意义。     

氮氧传感器安装位置试验分析

为了分析氮氧传感器安装于消声器载体的不同位置对氮氧测量值的影响,分别将氮氧传感器安装于消声器上选择的不同位置上,当发动机运行在相同的工况下时,通过CANalyzer记录氮氧传感器测量数据,并对这些数据进行对比分析,从而选择最佳的传感器安装位置。     

THE COLONIC TRANSIT TEST IN THE ASSESSMENT OF CHRONIC CONSTIPATION

In order to assess colonic motility of chronic constipation, colonic transit test was carried out in 34 patients with chronic constipation and in 20 healthy subjects. 20 radiopaque markers are ingested at 8 am before the day test, and plain abdominal films were obtained at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. The normal value of colonic transit test was 16(80%), or more markers passed after 72 h. By means of transit time study, 34 constipated patients were classified into 2 groups: 12 normal transit patients and 22 slow transit patients. There was no difference in colonic transit time between normal transit patients and controls (P＞0.05). Patients with slow transit had more markers left in right colon, left colon and rectosigmoid colon at 48 h (P＜0.01, respectively) and 72 h (P＜0.01, respectively). According to the transit index, 22 slow transit patients were divided into 3 types: 10 cases colonic stasis, 8 cases outlet obstruction and 4 cases colorectal stasis. The study suggests that chronic constipated patients have abnormalbilities of colonic transit.