地震折射层析法在青藏铁路石膏岩溶勘察中的应用

石膏岩溶分布在我国比较少,青藏铁路格拉段雁石坪地区发育有石膏岩溶.2006年9月,在青藏铁路雁石坪以南约20 km处,铁路右路肩及路基边坡发生地表塌陷,对此开展了石膏岩溶专门工程地质勘察.本次中采用了地震折射层析法并结合钻探验证的方法,综合分析后,取得了准确的地质资料,为岩溶病害整治提供了可靠的依据.主要介绍了本次勘察采用地震层析法进行工程勘察的经过,结合钻探进行数据综合分析,对资料成果进行综合解译,绘制了详细的工程地质图,准确反映了本次塌陷区石膏岩溶的发育情况,最后提出了工程处理措施意见.     

施工风险管理的探讨

通过对施工风险及管理的阐述,提出施工风险管理中应注意的问题,并说明将风险管理理论和方法引入工程施工中的可行性.     

Inverse Analysis of Pre- and Post-Impact Dynamics for Vehicle Accident Reconstruction

In the dynamic analysis of the vehicular accident reconstruction, the vehicle motion is typically analyzed in three phases. These are pre-impact motion, impact motion, and post-impact motion, which are usually analyzed in reverse order of occurrence. Tire-ground forces are important during the pre- and post-impact motions, and less important during the impact. We present a vehicular dynamic model for pre- and post-impact as a rigid body which moves under the influence of tire-ground forces. Using a forward simulation analysis, we show how the initial sliding conditions can be computed with several final data points for vehicle's position and orientation, referred to as the inverse analysis algorithm for the accident reconstruction.     

乘务员、旅客对列车厕所的主观评价

采用主观询问的方法对列车直排式和密闭式的清扫方式，是否有臭味，以及对厕所排泄方式的选择进行了调查。结果表示：９７．５０％的乘务员认为密闭抽真空式厕所清扫方便，一次冲洗能干净（８７．５０％），１００％选择密闭轴真空式厕所。旅客对厕所臭味的评价，无论是工人农民，干部及其他人群认为密闭式厕所无臭味均在８０％以上。     

对客运专线车站到发线有效长的再认识

分析影响客运专线车站到发线有效长的因素,给出客运专线车站到发线有效长的理论计算方法,根据各型动车组牵引特性参数、CTCS-2级列控系统技术条件,计算并确定客运专线车站到发线有效长为650 m,并从对客运专线能力、工程投资的影响两方面与原确定的700 m到发线有效长度进行对比分析。     

《铁路轨道设计规范》编制的主要内容及特点

《铁路轨道设计规范》为首次编制,为使广大设计人员更好地理解和应用,针对规范编制的主要特点、主要条文的制定原则、重要参数的取值方法进行重点说明。     

东西方思维方式和文化特质比较——兼论跨文化领导力

尽管东西方思维方式的彼此渗透和文化融合是大趋势，但东西方在思维方式、文化特质、领导风格、沟通习惯、价值判断标准等诸多方面的确存在较大差异却是不争的事实。在相对封闭隔离的环境中，这些差异容易被忽视，引发的问题也是个别的、局部的、非典型的和非尖锐的。然而，今天的世界已是一个全球化一体化的开放世界，开放的世界必然面对劳动力多元化及价值取向和思维模式差异化问题，必然面对跨文化领导力的挑战。本文较为系统而简要地梳理了东西方在思维方式和文化特质等方面的差异，旨在为解决因差异而导致的跨文化冲突和挑战寻到一把开启的钥匙。     

水上交通事故致因理论探讨

在对比国际上有代表性的事故致因理论的基础上提出水上交通事故致因理论,认为水上交通事故的本质原因在于水上交通安全管理体系的缺陷,并通过案例进行验证。     

低等级公路特长隧道半横向通风应用与探讨——九寨仙境隧道通风设计

双向行车的隧道通风,除了维持洞内空气的卫生标准和规定的视距外,还必须有利于火灾时的排烟和人车避难,这在特长隧道是很困难的。我国已建成的4 km以上的双向行车隧道,均采用有平行导洞的纵向式通风,但此种方式缺点很多。文章吸取了国外经验,提出采用半横向式通风,并对此种通风方式提出了一些改进意见及推导了应用公式。     

Sliding window method for vehicles moving on a long track

The rail is modelled as a simply supported beam in the vehicle–track coupled dynamics. The beam is formulated by a partial differential equation that is transformed into an ordinary differential equation by the method of mode superposition for numerical calculation. However, the size of the matrix that is formed by the mode-superposition method increases significantly with track length, which limits the calculation efficiency. Some methods have been developed to solve this calculation issue, but they diminish the merits of the vehicle–track coupled dynamics, which would systematically investigate the dynamics of a vehicle and a track from the entire vehicle–track system. A new method is developed to resolve this contradiction. First, a theory based on a sliding window is established to improve the computational stability with respect to the length and the window-movement ratio. Then, two methods, namely finite element method analysis and an analytical solution, are used to verify the accuracy of the new method, which is highly efficient when used in a vertical half-vehicle–track coupled model to calculate the vehicle response when the vehicle moves on a long track. The results of the vehicle response calculated with and without the sliding window show good consistency.