双车道公路运行速度测算研究

该文在借鉴国内外运行速度研究成果的基础上,系统分析了《公路项目安全性评价指南》与《双车道公路路线运行速度设计方法》中运行速度测算方法的优缺点,提出了新的运行速度测算方法(流程);并在江西省宜春至安福二级公路进行了实际验证与工程应用。该方法为双车道公路的运行速度测算开辟了一个新的途径,为其他类似项目的安全评价提供了借鉴作用。     

现代城市桥梁之于海河

该文以天津海河旧桥改造与新建城市桥梁为代表,介绍了现代城市桥梁的主要特征,并论述了在同时满足功能和环境要求的前提下桥梁在设计和施工方面的创新点,最后结合海河城市桥梁建设的经验,对城市桥梁的主要特点进行梳理和总结。     

城市供水管道抗震可靠度评估方法与应用

该文针对城市供水管道地震破坏机理,介绍常用的经验评估方法,以及理论分析评估方法的思路。采用我国现行管道抗震设计规范的理论计算模型,以结构可靠度分析的一次二阶矩方法的思想,考虑了管道抗力、场地条件、管土相互作用的随机特性,给出了城市供水管道抗震可靠度评估的验算点法的计算过程。对计算过程中参数进行了敏感性分析,确定参数的重要性。最后与日本水道协会(JWWA)经验方法进行对比,证明方法的可行性,并对规范理论计算方法提出一些建议。     

华北高速公路交通事故的日迹变化与气象要素的关联分析

通过整理华北高速公路3年(2007年3月～2010年2月)逐时的交通事故资料,并与同步气象要素资料进行日迹变化分析,可以看到平均交通事故的日迹变化呈双峰型分布特征。由此,按交通事故双峰型的时间段(5:00～12:00和13:00～次日4:00),分别以年度、春季、夏季、秋季和冬季的平均交通事故与同步气象要素的日迹变化进行相关分析,其中平均气温、平均风速和平均相对湿度与交通事故的相关程度都通过了相应的统计学检验(R>Rα=0.05和F>Fα=0.05),而且在夏季5:00～12:00的交通事故高峰过程中,交通事故与风速呈指数相关的系数高达0.992 3,相当于平均风速每减小1m.s-1,交通事故的增加幅度为0.28次。为将自动气象监测的信息更好地服务于高速公路的交通安全,设计出了高速公路交通事故的气象风险等级指标。由此可见,华北高速公路交通事故的日迹变化与气象要素的分析成果,可为高速公路交通安全提供客观的科学依据。     

坝陵河大桥钢桁加劲梁合龙关键技术

为保证坝陵河大桥钢桁加劲梁架设的顺利进行,针对合龙过程中可能出现的竖向、横向、扭转偏差及跨中合龙段合龙口长度偏小,上、下弦合龙口长度偏差不同等难点,对合龙口特征、参数敏感性、各种偏差调整措施及合龙方案进行了研究.研究结果表明,采用在两桥塔处对梁端进行牵引措施可较好解决合龙口纵向长度不配匹的难点,保证钢桁梁合龙杆件安装顺利实施;采用合龙段前端吊索暂不安装并辅以临时吊索的措施,可有效解决上、下弦合龙口偏差问题,同时也可作为钢桁梁横向、扭转偏差的调整措施.     

Study of an optimized gas strut layout to improve opening and closing quality

The most important factor in gas strut design is determining an optimized layout. If the layout is not optimized, vehicle operators will have a suboptimal experience when opening and closing the tailgate. A poor layout of the gas struts causes operators to work excessively when they open/close the tailgate, and vehicle owners will incur additional expenses due to deterioration in the body quality of the vehicle. Thus, an optimized gas strut layout is very important, even if it does not seem interesting. This paper describes the tailgate operation process and focuses on determining an optimized gas strut layout for opening/closing the tailgate easily.     

High-strain-rate fracture of adhesively bonded composite joints in DCB and TDCB specimens

Double-cantilever beam (DCB) and tapered double-cantilever beam (TDCB) specimens are the test configurations most commonly used to measure the fracture toughness of composites and adhesive joints. Strain rates of 1 to 18.47 m/s were applied to the test specimens via high-speed hydraulic test equipment. Because the fracture occurs through the adhesively bonded joints and the cracks grow rapidly, the crack length and beam displacement were recorded by a high-speed camera. An energy range from 0 to 10 J was often observed in the high-strain-rate fracture experiments for nonlinear plastic behavior of the dynamically loaded adhesively bonded DCB and TDCB specimens. The range of energy release rates (fracture energy) for TDCB specimen was 2 to 3 times higher than that of a DCB specimen for all high strain rates. The fracture energy of automotive adhesive joints can be estimated using the experimental results in this study for the fracture toughness (G_IC) under high rates of loading. The crack grows as the applied fracture energy exceeds the value of the critical energy release rate (G_IC) at the crack tip. The energy release rate was calculated using the fracture mechanics formula. The key fracture mechanics parameter, the fracture energy GIC, was ascertained as a function of the test rate and can be used to assess and model the overall joint performance.     

FE modeling method for a headform used in pedestrian protection simulations

Finite element models of headforms are used in experimental simulations of pedestrian protection. In this study, a quick and accurate method for FE modeling of the headforms was developed. This method entailed the initial definition of the dimensional parameters for the mass, centroid, and inertial moment properties of the headform. The equations governing these properties were constructed using the dimensional parameters as design variables. The dimensional parameters meeting the requirements of the relevant regulations were obtained by solving these three equations. A design optimization model was constructed for the material parameters of the outer part of the headform. In this model, the parameters of the material used in the FE model were considered as design variables; the difference between the peak acceleration in a side-impact simulation test and the average value of the regulated acceleration range was used as the objective function; the first-order natural frequency, which was required to be greater than 5,000 Hz, was defined as one of the constraints; the peak drop acceleration, which was required to be within the regulated range of values, was defined as the second constraint. The material parameters were obtained by solving the optimization model. These material parameters meet the dynamic requirements of the regulations for headforms. Based on these three parameters, an FE model of a headform can be constructed quickly and accurately.     

重型载货汽车AMT离合器气动执行机构的建模与控制

建立了某重型载货汽车的离合器气动执行机构数学模型,并分别设置了分离和接合过程中的离合器缸活塞目标位置。仿真结果表明,当目标位置设置较小时,单独控制相应电磁阀,活塞基本可以停在预定位置;当目标位置设置较大时,单独控制相应电磁阀,系统超调量较大,增加了离合器控制的难度。利用离合器执行机构台架进行了静态试验,所得试验结果与仿真结果基本吻合,验证了仿真模型的有效性。设计的分段动态控制器控制离合器的仿真结果表明,能够使分离轴承实际位移很好地跟随理想位移变化。     

不同路线国Ⅳ车用重型柴油机非常规排放试验研究

采用AVL全流采样系统对3台国Ⅳ车用重型柴油机进行了ESC、ETC循环试验,研究了分别采用DOC+POC、DOC+DPF和SCR 3种不同技术路线时发动机NO2、SO2、NH3、HCHO和NOx的排放特性.结果表明,无论是ESC循环还是ETC循环,3种技术路线下的CO、HCHO、NH3排放依次恶化,NO2在NOx排放中的比例依次明显下降,但SCR路线在油耗和CO2排放方面具有相对优势.