基于集对变权特大桥危险品运输安全评价研究

对特大桥危险品运输进行安全评价可有效防止和减少事故的发生.以集对论和变权理论为基础,对长三角区域特大型桥梁进行不良气候条件和紧急事件影响下的危险品运输安全分析,提出影响运输安全的关键因素,运用集对论对各因素进行同一性、差异性和对立性分析,并将集对论与指标权重的惩罚-激励相结合,建立特大桥危险品运输集对变权评价模型,以关联度最大为准则来判定运输安全程度.实例计算表明:评价方法实际有效,可为桥梁运营方提供直接应用和参考.     

Introduction to the special issue on maritime security

The terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 heightened awareness about the vulnerability of all modes of transportation to terrorist attack. The issue of maritime security has therefore become a major concern in the international maritime sector over the past several years. Globalization has led to a strong growth in seaborne trade; however, it simultaneously increases vulnerability to not only terrorism but also international criminal activities that threaten the world's supply chain. For example, in 2008, the rise in piracy activities in the Gulf of Aden brought the issue of maritime security to the forefront of international debate. In addition to the direct impact on ships, crews and cargoes, and on the maritime industry and governments, piracy also threatens global seaborne trade, and has an impact on energy security and the environment [UNCTAD, 2009, Review of Maritime Transport 2009 (New York: United Nations)]. Maritime piracy can pose substantial risks to seaborne trades, with considerable commodities, ranging between raw materials and energy to high-value manufactured products, being shipped between global economic powerhouses [FU, X. W., NG, A. K. Y., LAU, Y. Y., forthcoming, The impacts of maritime piracy on global economic development: The case of Somalia. Maritime Policy and Management]. Maritime security management, including the definition of security, maritime risk assessment, security measures, the regulation and policy of maritime security in shipping and port-related business operations has been receiving growing attention, both in practice and research.     

起抛锚辅助船作业程序研究

在大马力工作船科研项目研究的基础上,搜集整理行业内三用工作船起抛锚作业程序相关资料,对常规起抛锚作业程序进行总结和归纳,阐述对起抛锚作业发展历史和现代起抛锚作业过程。详细介绍利用锚头缆和锚链环两种不同起抛锚作业过程及主要起抛锚设备作业情况,以期对以后的起抛锚辅助船设计有一定的参考价值。     

多重连续脉冲磁行波电磁发射与多级重接炮研究

重接炮综合了线圈炮和轨道炮的优点,既可以发射大质量的弹丸又可达到超高速,是目前电磁炮中最具潜力的一种.连续脉冲磁性波电磁发射是一种基于交错式驱动线圈布局的新型发射方式,利用在时间和空间上连续的脉冲磁行波,使发射体一直跟随磁场行波的运动,快速将发射体加速到高速.本文在前期研究的基础上,从激励时刻、磁场形态上分析了多重连续脉冲磁性波电磁发射与多级重接炮的区别,并通过仿真计算的方式,比较了两者的发射效果,验证了多重连续脉冲磁性波电磁发射在缩短发射轨道长度、提高发射加速度和发射效率等方面的显著优势.     

轻型货车前纵梁碰撞吸能特性分析

为分析某轻型货车前纵梁碰撞吸能特性,以碰撞理论为基础,运用CATIA软件建立前纵梁有限元分析模型,进行ANSYS/LS-DYNA模拟仿真。结果表明:车架前纵梁在碰撞中的变形吸收了大部分的能量,车架的最大变形位于纵梁的变截面处;纵梁的初速度为13.5 m/s,货车整备质量2.5 t条件下,碰撞发生2 ms后由于材料的塑性变形而产生峰值减速度,随后材料变形失效;车架前纵梁吸能特性与减速度相似,位于碰撞发生2 ms时出现吸能峰值。     

Hilbert-Huang变换在声振信号检测钢管混凝土脱空中的应用

提出了基于Hilbert-Huang变换的钢管混凝土脱空检测方法,通过对瞬态冲击下脱空钢管的声振信号进行分析,提取出了瞬时幅值特征样本,采用改进的K均值聚类法对特征样本进行二类模式识别,从而对钢管混凝土的脱空进行判定,试验研究表明本方法的可行性。     

确定应急响应时间下海上有限运力调度方法

分析海上事故救援的资源保障方式,提出海上事故应急响应的一般过程。为了及时有效地开展事故救援,研究了在岸基反应基地救助船舶载运能力受限和应急响应时限的双重约束下,救助船舶需要多次运输以保证满足事故对应急物资需求的调度问题。针对海上事故救援环境的特殊性,引入海上风浪失速因子对船舶航行的影响,构建了满足应急响应限制期下使应急响应时间最短,参与救助的船舶数量最少的运力调配模型,给出了求解方法,并通过具体算例验证了模型的合理性和有效性。     

某钢箱梁桥上跨既有铁路施工风险分析

某客运专线钢箱梁桥跨越既有铁路,部分墩身施工邻近既有线且高于既有桥梁顶面,钢箱梁采用顶推法施工。针对该桥施工方案,详细分析了施工工艺特点,对施工风险因素进行了辨识,并用层次分析法对已辨识的风险因素进行了重要性排序。最后,根据研究结果对此次施工提出了一些建议。     

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) prediction of bank effects including verification and validation

Restricted waters impose significant effects on ship navigation. In particular, with the presence of a side bank in the vicinity of the hull, the flow is greatly complicated. Additional hydrodynamic forces and moments act on the hull, thus changing the ship's maneuverability. In this paper, computational fluid dynamics methods are utilized for investigating the bank effects on a tanker hull. The tanker moves straight ahead at a low speed in two canals, characterized by surface piercing and sloping banks. For varying water depth and ship-to-bank distance, the sinkage and trim, as well as the viscous hydrodynamic forces on the hull, are predicted by a steady state Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes solver with the double model approximation to simulate the flat free surface. A potential flow method is also applied to evaluate the effect of waves and viscosity on the solutions. The focus is placed on verification and validation based on a grid convergence study and comparisons with experimental data. There is also an exploration of the modeling errors in the numerical method.     

天然气管线破裂应对和海上凝析液、凝析油处置

统计近年来发生的溢油事故,海上天然气管线破裂和天然气泄漏事故有增加的趋势。这反映了海上管线更多地承担了油气输送任务,能源结构中气相碳氢组分占比上升。东海、南海东、西部以气田为主的勘探开发规模加大,天然气管线广泛应用于油田油气集输外运作业之中。在我国海外并购的能源项目中,天然气资源占有相当的比重。对天然气管线泄漏事故的应对和对凝析液、凝析油的处置是项目所有方、管线运营方以及应急组织机构都必须关注的一