水平定向钻数据采集及远程监控系统研究

文中针对油气长输管道水平定向钻施工,研发了数据采集及远程监控系统。通过数据采集装置将钻机施工中的关键数据进行实时采集、处理和远程无线传输,由手机APP进行远程监控,实现了工程项目的远程管理,预测后续施工中可能出现的问题,降低施工风险,提高施工效率。     

Real time queue length estimation for signalized intersections using travel times from mobile sensors

We study how to estimate real time queue lengths at signalized intersections using intersection travel times collected from mobile traffic sensors. The estimation is based on the observation that critical pattern changes of intersection travel times or delays, such as the discontinuities (i.e., sudden and dramatic increases in travel times) and non-smoothness (i.e., changes of slopes of travel times), indicate signal timing or queue length changes. By detecting these critical points in intersection travel times or delays, the real time queue length can be re-constructed. We first introduce the concept of Queue Rear No-delay Arrival Time which is related to the non-smoothness of queuing delay patterns and queue length changes. We then show how measured intersection travel times from mobile sensors can be processed to generate sample vehicle queuing delays. Under the uniform arrival assumption, the queuing delays reduce linearly within a cycle. The delay pattern can be estimated by a linear fitting method using sample queuing delays. Queue Rear No-delay Arrival Time can then be obtained from the delay pattern, and be used to estimate the maximum and minimum queue lengths of a cycle, based on which the real-time queue length curve can also be constructed. The model and algorithm are tested in a field experiment and in simulation.     

Simulating the impacts of household travel on greenhouse gas emissions,urban air quality,and population exposure

This paper establishes a link between an activity-based model for the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), dynamic traffic assignment, emission modelling, and air quality simulation. This provides agent-based output that allows vehicle emissions to be tracked back to individuals and households who are producing them. In addition, roadway emissions are dispersed and the resulting ambient air concentrations are linked with individual time-activity patterns in order to assess population exposure to air pollution. This framework is applied to evaluate the effects of a range of policy interventions and 2031 scenarios on the generation of vehicle emissions and greenhouse gases in the GTA. Results show that the predicted increase of approximately 2.6 million people and 1.3 million jobs in the region by 2031 compared to 2001 levels poses a major challenge in achieving meaningful reductions in GHGs and air pollution.     

寒区公路隧道温度场及保温层的研究

随着寒区公路隧道的不断增多,寒区隧道的保温问题也受到广泛重视。为了分析计算此类隧道施工过程中的温度场,验证寒区隧道保温设计的必要性,确定保温设计的经济性和有效性,文章以某市西山隧道为背景,结合东北冻土的热力性质特点,利用大型有限元计算程序Ansys,对寒区隧道进行了模拟分析,并且将计算的理论数据与实际测定的数据进行对比,分析隧道开挖后围岩温度场的分布、初期支护以及二次衬砌的温度变化过程,对隧道保温效果进行评定。数据对比表明,将保温层设置在二次衬砌外侧是比较合理的,但在东北寒区,对于断面半径达7m的大断面隧道,仅使用40 mm厚的PU硬质聚氨酯泡沫板作为保温材料是不合理的。为使设计经济合理,保温材料在径向上可以采用不同的厚度。     

巴曲河大桥工程质量检测技术分析

做好桥梁工程质量检测,是科学评价工程质量的重要途径,桥梁检测是一项复杂性、专业性较强的工作,本文以巴曲河大桥工程为例,对桥梁质量检测的主要内容、技术要点、检测方法等进行了介绍。     

浅谈新形势下高速公路勘察设计管理

文章针对目前高速公路项目存在的遗留缺陷问题多、建设不完全满足运营管理要求、建设运营衔接不够顺畅等一系列问题,从勘察设计角度入手,提出了一系列应对措施,为提高高速公路建设质量水平提供方法参考。     

多圆盾构土体位移特征及其应用

文章以日本某深埋地铁车站工程为例,基于修正的Loganathan公式,运用叠加原理,建立了多圆盾构施工扰动引起土体位移的计算公式,分析了多圆盾构施工扰动引起的地表沉降、土体深层沉降、侧向位移特征.结果表明,计算值与实测值吻合较好,其修正的Loganathan公式适用于计算多圆盾构施工扰动引起的土体位移,多圆盾构横向地表沉降特征基本符合正态分布.所得结论对于多圆盾构工法在我国的进一步运用具有一定的借鉴作用.     

塌方岩体重力荷载对隧道拱圈应力状态影响的数值分析

塌方岩体的自重荷载将对隧道内力产生较大影响,对其结构受力极其不利。文章基于混凝土材料的损伤塑性理论,建立了受力变形较符合实际的公路隧道结构的非线性模型,并利用大型有限元分析软件ABAQUwsdS对所建立的模型进行计算分析,得到在塌方岩体作用下隧道拱圈的第一主拉应力、正应力和剪应力的分布规律,进而找出了隧道拱顶和拱脚出现明显裂缝的主要原因,为类似运营隧道的加固设计与施工提供了重要的基础资料。     

玉柴YC6L在上海公交中的应用与优化

采集上海市郊与市区结合的城市客车路谱工况,记录实际道路行驶大量数据并对其进行分析;提炼出路谱信息,应用到Cruise整车模拟计算中,对YC6L发动机性能等参数进行优化。     

信号采样理论在交通流检测点布设中的应用

在对交通流检测点布设领域研究应用现状进行分析与抽象的基础上,提出交通流检测点布设本质上属于空间交通流信号采样问题。依据信号采样理论,建立了确定检测点间距或密度的方法与流程,该流程包括空间交通流信号产生、离散傅里叶变换、频谱分析、间距确定、误差分析5个步骤。对高速公路拥挤状态下的仿真分析表明:100 m的检测点间距可以满足对拥挤交通流状态的真实检测,该数值接近于实际应用中的最小值(125 m),说明该理论方法具有较好的实用性。