高地应力软弱围岩隧道挤压型变形和可让性支护原理

软弱围岩深埋隧道修建遇到的挤压型围岩大变形问题,是山岭隧道工程中的难题。文章在对挤压型变形机制、判识方法和变形特征进行分析的基础上,介绍了挤压型变形围岩支护的可让性原则,从地层特征曲线和支护-围岩相互作用出发,阐述了可让式支护的原理并给出了相关的设计施工要点。     

Equality of bargaining power in contracts for international liner shipping

Mandatory rules exist in contracts for international liner shipping primarily because of imbalances and non-equity in the allocation of contract responsibilities. The superior bargaining position owned by the carriers depends largely upon liner market monopoly levels, the supply and demand balance between the shipper and carrier, and the cargo volume size of the shippers. With the development of shipping technologies, mode of transport, and shipping competition policy, the unequal comparison of bargaining forces between shippers and carriers changes. When the existing mandatory rule was deemed no longer necessary due to changing circumstances, legislation requirements to restore freedom to contract became apparent. When both sides have equal bargaining power, adoption of the principle of freedom of contract for their business relationships is suitable. The Rotterdam Rules concerning freedom of volume contract construction is based on equal bargaining powers between both sides and responds to the evolving situation of the industry. The Rules represent the development trend of today’s theory of contracts for international liner shipping and the demand for legal and institutional changes.     

锂离子动力电池应用于深潜救生艇的可行性分析

本文通过对锂离子电池动力电池的原理及主要特性的分析,结合深潜救生艇用动力电池的特殊使用环境和需求,论证了锂离子动力电池在深潜救生艇上的适用条件和应用可能性。结果表明锂离子电池作为深海救生艇的动力电池完全可行,并具有非常好的应用前景。     

Research trends and agenda on the Belt and Road (B&R) initiative with a focus on maritime transport

The ‘Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road’ (collectively known as Belt and Road, B&R) has been initiated by the Chinese government in 2013. The B&R is increasingly becoming a focal point for socio-economic–political interests because of its likely impact on land and sea transport and maritime logistics. The aims of this study were threefold: first, to provide an overview on the B&R, focusing on its key structural elements, such as transport corridors, city clusters, dry ports, infrastructure, zoning, and area development; second, to identify the expected impacts of the B&R on trade and implications on structural changes in transportation systems, port networks, and international logistics. Finally, to discuss major research trends and setting up of research agenda which will contribute to enriching the existing literature and shaping the global trade operations and drive economic growth in the context of the B&R.     

自升式平台桩腿海上对接过程中的碰撞问题

碰撞现象在海上作业中时有发生,给人员和财产安全带来极大威胁。本文基于非线性有限元理论,研究自升式平台桩腿吊装过程中浮吊船与平台的碰撞问题以及桩腿移动就位时对平台上层建筑的碰撞问题;分析撞击过程中平台的变形与应力变化及结构失效等情况,给出使平台不同区域发生破坏的临界碰撞速度;给出了浮吊船在就位过程中的安装制动距离以及移动过程中与上层建筑间的安全距离和移动速度限制,为桩腿海上吊装作业方案设计提供参考。     

万吨级溢油回收船电力系统方案设计和仿真研究

溢油回收船是应对海上溢油污染事故的专用船舶。近年来随着海上石油运输愈发频繁和潜在溢油隐患提高,溢油回收船成为人们关注和研究的热点。本文针对万吨级溢油回收船电力系统的方案设计,分别论证中、低压和直流三种方案,建议采用低压交流电力系统并建立仿真模型验证方案可行性。     

椭圆余弦波对圆弧型固立防波堤的绕射波浪力

基于椭圆余弦波绕射理论,应用特征函数展开法,推导浅水波对圆弧型固立防波堤绕射的波势解,据此计算作用于防波堤的水平波浪载荷。结果表明:浅水波入射角与非线性影响参数、海况条件以及防波堤几何条件等因素的相对变化对波浪作用均存在一定的影响。与微幅波理论对比可知:在一定浅水条件下采用椭圆余弦波一阶分量模型所计算的最大无量纲波浪力均明显高于微幅波理论的对应估值,反映了水波非线性因素的影响效应。     

天然气车辆在班线客运中应用项目温室气体减排量核算研究

在对班线客运现状和类似方法学分析的基础上,本文针对天然气客运车辆的运行特征,建立了班线客运中应用天然气车辆项目温室气体自愿减排方法,提出了基于运行里程或运输周转量的两种基准线排放计算方法,以及在计算基准线排放过程中与项目情景建立了联系。以重庆市某客运企业天然气班线客车为例进行算例分析,表明本文提出的方法具有实际可操作性。     

城市道路环境下的车载自组网分簇路由机制

车载自组网(VANET)是一种将高速移动车辆作为通信节点的Ad hoc网络,其网络拓扑结构变化迅速导致传统的Ad hoc路由技术并不适用。针对车辆节点在城市道路环境下的移动特点及分层结构给无线网络带来的易管理、易扩展等特性,提出了以公交车辆为簇头的VANET路由机制。该机制以公交车辆为簇头建立簇,其它车辆根据行驶速度和方向加入最优簇,在分簇的基础上运行路由协议。仿真实验结果表明:该机制在分组投递率和网络稳定性上均有改进。     

软弱围岩浅埋隧道二衬结构设计探讨

在软弱围岩浅埋地段（特别是洞口段）,为了确保隧道施工安全,通常采用较强的超前支护措施,比如超前大管棚支护、超前小导管注浆等,这些超前工法极大地提高了地层围岩参数,改善了隧道稳定性。但设计中这些地段的二次衬砌结构配筋偏多,材料性能得不到有效利用。结合工程实际,借助数值模拟手段,分析了某隧道衬砌的受力特点并对内力进行检算,发现二次衬砌各截面均有较高的安全储备,墙脚是二衬配筋的控制部位。因此提出降低钢筋直径、增加钢筋间距,适当加长仰拱与边墙部位搭接钢筋的长度等措施,最终可以既减小全断面配筋面积、又充分发挥钢筋的作用效果,数值模拟验证了这一措施具有可行性。