用未确知数学方法确定地基极限承载力

在介绍未确知信息理论的概念及其应用领域的基础上,对未确知信息数学处理方法和过程进行了简要说明。运用这一处理方法对西安某场地地基土的极限承载力取值进行了计算分析,结果表明这一方法在不确定性信息处理中比传统方法具有更多的优点,能够给出不同保证率下地基极限承载力,表明其处理数据更精细、更科学,值得在地质工程相关数据处理中进一步探讨和应用。     

Evasive manoeuvres with a steering robot

In the pursuit of an objective rating on vehicle stability performance, it is always desirable to reduce disturbances and inconsistencies during experimental evaluations, especially the ones introduced by human drivers. This paper presents the development of a steering robot designed for closed-loop steering tasks during evasive manoeuvres. It describes the controller structure and discusses experimental results, in addition to simulation/vehicle model verifications and theoretical control analysis.     

不同理化因子组合对长春花悬浮培养的研究

实验研究了不同种类、不同浓度的植物生长调节物质组合和其他四种理化因子对长春花悬浮培养细胞生长的影响。以前的实验结果表明：单因子以2,4-D效果最好。其中以2,4-D的最佳浓度为0．5mg/L。而本次实验的结果表明：组合因子比单因子更有利于细胞的生长,以0．5mg/L NAA 0．5mg/L 2,4-D 2．0mg/L 6-BA为最佳。在其它的四种理化因子中,1/2MS、MS和B5培养基有利于细胞的生长。蔗糖的最佳浓度为30g/L；葡萄糖在研究范围内随着浓度的增加,生长速度也在增加。最适于长春花的PH值为5．0-5．4。     

碾压混凝土坝温控防裂措施研究

近年来碾压混凝土坝发展迅速。虽然高粉煤灰掺量使得碾压混凝土水化热较低,但由于采用通仓连续碾压的施工方式,使得碾压混凝土高坝的温度裂缝问题依然十分突出。本文通过分析碾压混凝土温控防裂的特点和裂缝的分类及原因,针对性的研究总结了温控防裂的措施,为碾压混凝土坝的设计施工和防裂提供参考。     

铁路碎石道碴清洗工艺及设备的研究

文章介绍了道碴清洗工艺及设备的研究,以白皎石场和桐子林采石场为例,说明道碴清洗工艺及设备的设计原则、碴场总体布置、工艺过程的环保和节能经验,经检验生产的道碴能满足客运专线用碴需要。     

JK00430型机车走行部车载检测装置在内燃机车上的运用分析

介绍了JK00430型机车走行部车载检测装置的运用,提出了该装置发生报警后的科学处理办法。     

Mixed analysis of shell and solid elements using the overlaying mesh method

 This article presents a mixed method of analyzing shell elements and solid elements using the overlaying mesh method. In the structural design of a ship's hull, the shell elements are used for the global model. However, the solid elements are necessary to analyze the stress concentration zones or the vicinity of a crack. In such cases, the models are analyzed using zooming analysis, in which the results of a global model analysis are transferred to a local model analysis by imposing boundary conditions. This method is more advantageous than zooming analysis in terms of the accuracy of the solution and the modeling flexibility. Some examples of a plate model with a cracked surface or with a projection are shown in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Received: August 6, 2002 / Accepted: November 25, 2002 Address correspondence to: S. Nakasumi (sumi@nasl.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp) Updated from the Japanese original, which won the 2002 SNAJ prize (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 2001;189:219–224; and 190:655–662)     

The association of the population recruitment of gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, with Mississippi River discharge

Gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, which constitutes a major industrial reduction fishery in the USA, spawn across the northern Gulf of Mexico with a focus of spawning about the Mississippi Delta. This species is estuarine dependent; adults spawn over the continental shelf and their larvae are transported, by mechanisms that are presently not well understood, to estuarine nursery areas. Larval gulf menhaden, along with some other surface oriented larval fishes, appear to aggregate along the Mississippi River plume front, while evidence of the ecological consequences of this aggregation in terms of the feeding, growth, and survival of larvae is ambiguous. On an annual scale, Mississippi River discharge is negatively associated with numbers of half year old recruits. Discharge of the Mississippi River and the population recruitment of gulf menhaden may be plausibly linked through the action of the river's plume and its front on the shoreward transport of larvae. Greater river discharge results in an expansive plume that might project larvae farther offshore and prolong the shoreward transport of larvae. An indirect, decadal scale, positive response of recruitment and river discharge is possible, but not certain. Recruitment became elevated after 1975 when river discharge increased and became highly variable. This response might owe to enhanced primary and secondary production driven by nutrient influx from the Mississippi River.     

Development of Green-Naghdi models with a wave-absorbing beach for nonlinear, irregular wave propagation

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional Green-Naghdi (GN) models equipped with a numerical wave-absorbing beach have been developed to simulate nonlinear, regular, and irregular wave propagation. The numerical beach is introduced near the downstream boundary to absorb outgoing waves. An appropriate amount of numerical damping and an appropriate length of numerical beach are investigated using numerical experiments. The results show that the GN models with a numerical beach work very well in simulating wave propagation in water in a small computational domain.     

Manpower and employment issues

Overmanning and restrictive labour practices are major causes of low productivity in Indian ports. Proposals are put forward for a programme of reforms to support investment in modern cargo handling systems.