Environmental traffic management — The end of the road?

This paper questions some aspects of the technical soundness and public acceptability of environmental traffic management scheme of the kind advocated in the Buchanan report, Traffic in Towns. Practical studies have shown that in inner city areas in particular, and perhaps older built-up areas in general, the concept cannot be adequately defended against a wealth of variety of criticism from those whom it most directly affects, i.e. the public. Participation exercises have revealed public fears that the road closures associated with schemes will ruin the viability of local shops, worsen the environmental conditions along local roads chosen as distributors, cause even greater congestion on the main road network due to displaced traffic, and impede the accessibility of local people to their homes. In the light of these, it is suggested a flexible policy be adopted incorporating changes to the forms of vehicles and the manner in which they are used as well as changes to the physical form of the road network.The opinions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect those of the organisations to which the authors are attached.     

Short-line railroad managers discuss their industry

In the United States, the 1980 Staggers Rail Act created a positive regulatory environment for the creation of new short-line railroads. At present there are about 450 of these railroads that have less than 250 miles of trackage. This study asked managers/owners of these railroads two basic questions. First, what do you believe is the single most important trend that is currently taking place in your industry. The most frequently noted trend was the frustration of working with the larger Class 1 railroads. Five additional trends were also identified by the respondents. The second question asked the respondents if they thought the short-line sector of the rail industry will become more or less important in the next ten years and why. About 70% of the owner/managers believed their industry would become more important in the next decade. The most commonly expressed reason for this position is that the Class 1 railroads will increasingly specialize in mainline service only. Three other rationales were also enumerated. For the managers that thought their industry would become less important, the most noted reason was their trackage would not safely transport the newer very heavy bulk commodity freight cars.     

泡沫沥青混合料物理力学特性的试验研究

泡沫沥青混合料是一种全新的道路材料，其有关特性尚不完全清楚。本文以泡沫沥青稳定2种骨料(新砂石料和回收料)为基础，从材料的选取与级配的组成、沥青的最佳发泡条件、混合料拌和方法及养护方案等几个方面提出一种泡沫沥青混合料的研究方法，并对该材料的物理性质和强度特性进行了研究。结果表明泡沫沥青混合料密度较小，空隙率较大，其强度能够满足路面设计规范关于基层设计参数的要求。水泥作为填料对泡沫沥青混合料强度影响不大，其主要作用是能显著改善水稳性。     

YZ20D超重型振动压路机

从主要技术参数、技术特点及工业造型设计应用三个方面对YZ20D新型超重型振动压路机作了全面介绍，以供参考。     

求解二层规划的一种模糊交互式方法

主要讨论上下层具有共同决策变量的一类二层规划问题的求解方法．在引入目标函数的模糊目标，并充分考虑上层与下层决策者的满意度后，构造了一个模糊交互式决策方法，从而使得上下层决策者对最后的求解结果都能满意．数值结果表明此法可行有效．     

空间体J积分表达式及其守恒性

受Rice的J积分的启发文中定义了空间体J积分,从三维角度定义了J积分的空间表达方式,并证明了文中定义的由闭合曲面表达的空间J积分具有守恒性,是对Rice的二维J积分理论的拓展和延伸,为研究求解含裂纹的弹塑性断裂问题提出了新思路.     

蛋白激酶C活性在脑血管痉挛过程中的变化

目的探讨蛋白激酶C(PKC)活性在脑血管痉挛(CVS)过程中的变化及其意义。方法日本大耳白兔25只,随机分为对照组(5只)与模型组(CVS组,20只),CVS组又分为1、3、5、8 d组,每组5只。采用枕大池2次注血法建立脑血管痉挛动物模型,血管造影观察基底动脉(BA)痉挛,放射免疫法和放射性同位素标记蛋白激酶测定法动态测定血浆内皮素和兔BA管壁PKC活性。结果枕大池2次注血法可以成功构建脑血管痉挛模型,是一种简便、可靠的方法;模型组血浆中内皮素含量和BA壁内PKC的活性均明显升高,且在5 d组达到峰值,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PKC活性与CVS的严重程度呈正相关。     

基于蚁群优化算法与出租车GPS数据的公众出行路径优化

以出租车GPS采集的浮动车数据为依据,研究出租车驾驶员路径选择的认知及类蚂蚁的行为特征。根据城市道路功能等级与出租车的通行频率等信息素,建立出租车驾驶员路径选择信息素等级路网,并以此作为路网初始信息素,综合考虑路径通行时间、通行距离、路径信息素等级等多个因素,提出了基于蚁群优化算法的公众出行路径规划优化算法。以武汉市路网和浮动车为试验数据,将模型规划的道路与浮动车数据库中的轨迹进行了比较。结果表明:基于蚁群优化算法与出租车GPS数据的公众出行路径同出租车驾驶员选择的出行路径相似度很高,能为公众出行提供出租车驾驶员选择的行车路径。     

Numerical Analysis of Stress Concentration in Non-uniformly Corroded Small-Scale Specimens

A numerical evaluation of stress concentrations of corroded plate surfaces of small-scale corroded steel specimens is compared with the experimentally estimated...