The Influences of the Built Environment and Residential Self-Selection on Pedestrian Behavior: Evidence from Austin, TX

Pedestrian travel offers a wide range of benefits to both individuals and society. Planners and public health officials alike have been promoting policies that improve the quality of the built environment for pedestrians: mixed land uses, interconnected street networks, sidewalks and other facilities. Whether such policies will prove effective remains open to debate. Two issues in particular need further attention. First, the impact of the built environment on pedestrian behavior may depend on the purpose of the trip, whether for utilitarian or recreational purposes. Second, the connection between the built environment and pedestrian behavior may be more a matter of residential location choice than of travel choice. This study aims to provide new evidence on both questions. Using 1368 respondents to a 1995 survey conducted in six neighborhoods in Austin, TX, two separate negative binomial models were estimated for the frequencies of strolling trips and pedestrian shopping trips within neighborhoods. We found that although residential self-selection impacts both types of trips, it is the most important factor explaining walking to a destination (i.e. for shopping). After accounting for self-selection, neighborhood characteristics (especially perceptions of these characteristics) impact strolling frequency, while characteristics of local commercial areas are important in facilitating shopping trips.     

The Impacts of Ict on leisure Activities and Travel: A Conceptual Exploration

This paper offers a conceptual exploration of the potential impacts of ICTs on leisure activities and the associated travel. We start by discussing what leisure is and is not. We point out that the boundaries between leisure, mandatory, and maintenance activities are permeable, for three reasons: the multi-attribute nature of a single activity, the sequential interleaving of activity fragments, and the simultaneous conduct of multiple activities (multitasking). We then discuss four kinds of ways by which ICT can affect leisure activities and travel: the replacement of a traditional activity with an ICT counterpart, the generation of new ICT activities (that may displace other activities), the ICT-enabled reallocation of time to other activities, and ICT as a facilitator of leisure activities. We suggest 13 dimensions of leisure activities that are especially relevant to the issue of ICT impacts: location (in)dependence, mobility-based versus stationary, time (in)dependence, planning horizon, temporal structure and fragmentation, possible multitasking, solitary versus social activity, active versus passive participation, physical versus mental, equipment/media (in)dependence, informal versus formal arrangements required, motivation, and cost. The primary impact of ICT on leisure is to expand an individual’s choice set; however whether or not the new options will be chosen depends on the attributes of the activity (such as the 13 identified dimensions), as well as those of the individual. The potential transportation impacts when the new options are chosen are ambiguous.     

THE EUKARYOTIC EXPRESSION OF HUMAN PERFORIN PROTEIN AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF HYBRIDOMAS PRODUCING ANTI-HUMAN PERFORIN PROTEIN

Perforin is expressed mainly in activated cyto-toxic T lymphocytes (CTLs ) and natural killer(NK) cells. The human perforin gene has beencloned. The full length of its cDNA is l668bp, andthe mature HP protein is made up of 534 aminoacid residues with a molecular weight of 66Kd~75Kd. In CTLs and NK cells, perforin is stored incytoplasmic granules and is a major effector of cy-tolysis by these cells. Upon granules releasing,perforin monomers insert into the plasma mem-branes of target ce…     

洞庭湖大桥桥头建筑设计与构思

在调研与分析的基础上,提出了洞庭湖大桥桥头公园和桥头建筑设计的立意与构思,强调建筑设计与人文景观高度结合,建筑设计与桥梁本身的力度美高度结合,建筑设计应该具有自然美等为设计的指导思想,从而使设计方案在竞标中取胜。     

电子客票在中国铁路电子商务中的应用研究

提出电子客票在中国铁路旅客运输中的应用设想,分析了铁路电子客票的应用意义,并给出电子客票应用的发展策略.     

Applying the Value-Belief-Norm Theory to Marine Contexts: Implications for Encouraging Pro-Environmental Behavior

Encouraging pro-environmental behavior among protected area visitors and other stakeholders has become a priority for marine resource managers. However, there exists a lack of understanding of the human dimensions of resource management regarding the perceptions and attitudes of stakeholders. Using the value-belief-norm theory of environmentalism (VBN) as a framework, the purposes of this investigation were to: 1) test a model of variables that influence stakeholders' intentions to adopt pro-environmental behavior in two marine protected areas (i.e., the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary); and 2) using the relevant literature and information gleaned from the model, suggest techniques that managers can use to encourage pro-environmental intentions. Acceptable goodness-of-fit indices for both of the structural equation models (one for each protected area) provided empirical support for the usefulness of the VBN framework to guide both research in marine contexts and marine protected area management efforts to encourage stakeholders' intentions to engage in pro-environmental behavior. Specific suggestions include increasing stakeholders. knowledge about impacts via environmental education strategies, increasing their awareness of their impacts and their efficacy in mitigating those impacts (e.g., workshops), and developing interpersonal relationships among managers and stakeholders (e.g., implementation intention and follow-up strategies).     

新型含1H-吡唑的新型双杂环化合物的合成

以乙酰乙酸乙酯和芳甲酰氯为原料，合成相应的β-酮酸酯，在乙醇钠／碘的作用下实现二聚偶联反应得到1，4-二酮化合物，然后与水合肼反应，得到两个新型含1肺吡唑的双杂环化合物，其结构经’HNMR、Ms及IR证实。     

长大编组列车纵向动作用力遥测系统

介绍了俄罗斯长大编组列车纵向动作用力遥测系统。试验结果表明,测试值和计算值的最大差值在±5%以内。     

以可靠度为中心的动车组设备预防性维修策略

广泛应用于高速铁路动车组设备维修领域的等周期预防性维修策略不可避免地使动车组设备可靠度随着维修次数和服役里程的增加而降低.为了制定更加符合设备衰退规律的维修计划以改善设备的可靠度,采用混合式故障率演化模型动态决策动车组设备的预防性维修计划,更符合随服役里程增加设备的维修间隔呈递减趋势的实际情况.在此基础上,将非完美维修...