双层圆柱壳典型基座振动波传递特性优化分析

采用波动分析法,根据不均质结构中的阻抗特性和波型转换,分析振动噪声在典型双层壳结构中的传递特性。以此为切入点,采用有限元/边界元（FEM/BEM）耦合法分析人为构造的传递损失基座的减振降噪性能。通过对组合板振动波的传递特性的分析可以得出,当定常结构发生突变时,结构阻抗也会随之发生变化,导致结构之间的阻抗失配,从而使得振动波在突变截面处发生反射和透射,降低振动波的传递效率,阻隔振动波能量向下游结构传递。然后,据此理论设计了传递损失基座,并用有限元/边界元耦合法验证了传递损失基座的减振降噪性能。     

基于手机传感器数据的交通出行调查实证评估

应用手机传感器与调查问卷, 同步采集了校园内高校学生2周的真实出行轨迹; 考虑了真实出行环境下的手机传感器数据特征, 结合高斯滤波预处理数据, 根据轨迹点的时空聚类特性, 用时空聚类算法识别了出行端点和出行时间, 结合轨迹点速度、加速度特征, 利用支持向量机识别了出行方式; 将手机传感器数据与调查问卷、查核线数据对比, 分析了手机传感器数据出行特征识别的准确程度, 验证了出行特征的提取效果。分析结果表明: 手机传感器与问卷调查识别出行链的成功匹配比例为81.66%, 说明手机传感器数据可有效记录出行轨迹; 时空聚类算法参数中核心点空间半径为26.92 m, 最小样本点为129, 时间约束为129 s时, 出行端点识别准确率为93.02%, 出行时间识别准确率为90.84%, 说明手机传感器识别出行端点和出行时间的效果较好; 当支持向量机设置类型为经典支持向量机, 核函数为径向基函数, 惩罚系数为0.797, 核参数为2.260时, 出行方式识别准确率为89.86%, 即利用手机传感器能够有效识别出行方式。可见, 手机传感器数据识别结果合理, 能为手机传感器数据应用于实际出行调查做支撑。     

Environmental life-cycle assessment of transit buses with alternative fuel technology

The paper presents a life-cycle assessment of costs and greenhouse gas emissions for transit buses deploying a hybrid input-output model to compare ultra-low sulfur diesel to hybrid diesel-electric, compressed natural gas, and hydrogen fuel-cell. We estimate the costs of emissions reductions from alternative fuel vehicles over the life cycle and examine the sensitivity of the results to changes in fuel prices, passenger demand, and to technological characteristics influencing performance and emissions. We find that the alternative fuel buses reduce operating costs and emissions, but increase life-cycle costs. The infrastructure requirement to deploy and operate alternative fuel buses is critical in the comparison of life-cycle emissions. Additionally, efficient bus choice is sensitive to passenger demand, but only moderately sensitive to technological characteristics, and that the relative efficiency of compressed natural gas buses is more sensitive to changes in fuel prices than that of the other bus types.     

A review on travel behaviour modelling in dynamic traffic simulation models for evacuations

Dynamic traffic simulation models are frequently used to support decisions when planning an evacuation. This contribution reviews the different (mathematical) model formulations underlying these traffic simulation models used in evacuation studies and the behavioural assumptions that are made. The appropriateness of these behavioural assumptions is elaborated on in light of the current consensus on evacuation travel behaviour, based on the view from the social sciences as well as empirical studies on evacuation behaviour. The focus lies on how travellers’ decisions are predicted through simulation regarding the choice to evacuate, departure time choice, destination choice, and route choice. For the evacuation participation and departure time choice we argue in favour of the simultaneous approach to dynamic evacuation demand prediction using the repeated binary logit model. For the destination choice we show how further research is needed to generalize the current preliminary findings on the location-type specific destination choice models. For the evacuation route choice we argue in favour of hybrid route choice models that enable both following instructed routes and en-route switches. Within each of these discussions, we point at current limitations and make corresponding suggestions on promising future research directions.     

Advances in population synthesis: fitting many attributes per agent and fitting to household and person margins simultaneously

Agent-based microsimulation models of transportation, land use or other socioeconomic processes require an initial synthetic population derived from census data, conventionally created using the iterative proportional fitting (IPF) procedure. This paper introduces a novel computational method that allows the synthesis of many more attributes and finer attribute categories than previous approaches, both of which are long-standing limitations discussed in the literature. Additionally, a new approach is used to fit household and person zonal attribute distributions simultaneously. This technique was first adopted to address limitations specific to Canadian census data, but could also be useful in U.S. and other applications. The results of each new method are evaluated empirically in terms of goodness-of-fit.     

Risk Management in Motorway PPP Projects: Empirical-based Guidelines

Abstract

This paper deals with the topic of risk management in Public Private Partnership (PPP). The analysis of the related literature reveals that risks must be analyzed and managed on a context-specific approach, and that there is a lack of a comprehensive study on the appropriate risk mitigation strategies for each risk embedded in PPP projects. Focusing on the transport sector, based on the results of a Delphi survey, the paper provides guidelines for both public and private parties in defining a list of significant risks in PPP motorway projects, and identifying for them both the effective allocation and the suitable mitigation strategies. Results of the Delphi survey have been compared with the common practices on risk management applied in eight real motorway PPP projects.     

一种基于分区段模式土工加筋拉伸应变分析方法

桩承式加筋路堤在软土地基道路工程中的应用越来越广泛,在对该复合体系中的水平土工加筋进行等效兜提作用的薄膜效应评价时,传统研究方法主要存在2点不足:一是在进行加筋体受力分析时对筋材的区段工作模式的区分还不够明确,这不利于定量刻画筋层的拉伸应变分布和大小及其受挠曲形态变化的影响;二是多数加筋拉应变分析方法以基于筋材净跨挠曲...     

Novel coordinated algorithm for Traction Control System on split friction and slope road

A Traction Control System (TCS) is used to avoid excessive wheel-slip via adjusting active brake pressure and engine torque when vehicle starts fiercely. The split friction and slope of the road are complicated conditions for TCS. Once operated under these conditions, the traction control performance of the vehicle might be deteriorated and the vehicle might lack drive capability or lose lateral stability, if the regulated active brake pressure and engine torque can’t match up promptly and effectively. In order to solve this problem, a novel coordinated algorithm for TCS is brought forward. Firstly, two brake controllers, including a basic controller based on the friction difference between the two drive wheels for compensating this difference and a fuzzy logic controller for assisting the engine torque controller to adjust wheel-slip, are presented for brake control together. And then two engine torque controllers, containing a basic PID controller for wheel-slip control and a fuzzy logic controller for compensating torque needed by the road slope, are built for engine torque control together. Due to the simultaneous and accurate coordination of the two regulated variables the controlled vehicle can start smoothly. The vehicle test and simulation results on various road conditions have testified that the proposed method is effective and robust.     

级配碎石基层施工关键技术

对级配碎石基层的级配和施工工艺进行了系统的研究,并通过对比5种试验路方案来确定级配碎石基层与沥青混凝土中面层之间的黏结层,即:煤油稀释沥青透层、SBR改性乳化沥青黏层油、煤油稀释沥青透层+SBR改性乳化沥青黏层油、煤油稀释沥青透层+SBS改性沥青碎石封层、高渗透乳化沥青透层油的使用效果,最终推荐采用高渗透乳化沥青透层油的黏结层方案,并得出了一些关于级配碎石基层施工的关键技术成果。     

Vehicle Dynamics Estimation Using Kalman Filters

This paper deals with the application of stochastic state estimators in vehicle dynamics control. It is often unrealistic to assume that all vehicle states and the disturbances acting on it can be measured. System states that cannot be measured directly, can be estimated by a Kalman Filter. The idea of the Kalman filter is to implement a model of the real system in an on-board computer in parallel with the system itself. This paper will give 3 examples of this principle applied to automotive systems.