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201.
J. Zhou Jy Wong R. S. Sharp 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》1999,31(1):35-45
Based on the multi-spoke, single-plane, steady-state tyre model, a transient multi-spoke, three-plane tyre model is presented. This model involves updating the states of all the spokes under consideration to t+dt from the corresponding states at t. Also, a spoke base, which has lateral and longitudinal flexibilities relative to wheel hub, is included. By adding two extra planes of spokes to the original one, the effect of tyre width is built into the model. The three planes are equally spaced across the width of the tyre. The interaction with the ground of the spokes on these three planes is used to represent that of tyre elements at different locations across the width. Analytical results show good qualitative agreement with published experimental data. This model can be used to illustrate transient tyre behaviour and in simulations in which a generic tyre will suffice. 相似文献
202.
The location of bus garages is a complex issue that has received recent attention in the literature. Given a bus system, the number of bus garages and their locations depend on garage cost, deadheading cost and environmental impacts. An approximate analytical model is used to determine the number of bus garages that minimizes the above costs. The concept of a slowly varying density of bus-route origins (hence deadheads) per unit area is used to model deadheading costs. The increased deadheading caused by breakdowns and accidents is also considered. The garage cost is modeled as a function of the number of buses stored. A closed-form solution is obtained for the optimal density of garages, when the garage cost function is linear. The actual locations of garages and the allocations of buses to the garages are found using a discrete space location-allocation model formulated so as to consider the environmental impact associated with buses deadheading through populated neighborhoods. 相似文献
203.
This paper presents the joint optimization of signal setting parameters and dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) traffic assignment for the congested urban road network. The simulation-based approach is employed to obtain the DUE condition for the case of multiple-origin multiple-destination traffic flows. The dynamic traffic assignment simulation program (DTASP), developed in C language is used to assign the traffic dynamically on the road network, whereas method of successive averages (MSA) is modified and used to arrive at the DUE condition. The artificial intelligence technique of genetic algorithms (GAs) is applied to obtain the optimal signal setting parameters and path flow distribution factor for DUE condition. The methodology developed in such a way that joint optimization of signal setting parameters with DUE is obtained. The proposed method is applied to the real network data of Fort Area of Mumbai city comprising of 17 nodes and 56 unidirectional links with 72 Origin–Destination pairs, where all the 17 nodes are signalized intersections. The traffic flow condition for the optimized signal setting parameters is considerably improved compared to the existing signal settings. The results prove that the GA is an effective technique to solve the joint optimization problem for the real network data. 相似文献
204.
Development of hot stamped center pillar using form die with channel type indirect blank holder 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H. S. Choi B. M. Kim K. J. Nam S. Y. Ha S. H. Cha C. G. Kang 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2011,12(6):887-894
The hot stamping process has been used in the automotive industry to reduce the weight of the body-in-white and to increase
passenger safety via improved crashworthiness. However, defects such as fracture and wrinkle occur when hot stamping is performed
using a conventional drawing or forming method. In this study, a channel-type indirect blank holder (CIBH) is proposed to
develop a high-strength center pillar in form-type hot stamping, so that the aforementioned drawbacks are overcome. This type
of blank holder plays an important role in reducing severe wrinkling at the flange; such wrinkling leads to folding after
the completion of form-type hot-stamping. First, we investigated the effect of the channel shape on the indirect blank holding
force by using a simplified two-dimensional plane-strain stamping process. Second, we selected the slope angle and corner
radius of the channel as the main shape parameters by finite element analysis and artificial neural network (ANN). It is known
that fracture at the hot formed wall and wrinkle at the flange are significantly affected by the slope angle of the channel,
and the appropriate value for eliminating fracture and wrinkle is determined to be 99°. By performing hot stamping using a
form die with the selected channel, we can manufacture a high-strength center pillar without wrinkle and fracture. 相似文献
205.
M. Ticã G. Dobre V. Mateescu G. Virzi-Mariotti 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2014,15(6):885-891
The research is carried out to improve passenger’s comfort to increase the vehicles stability in dynamic conditions. The literature available in the automotive engineering considers different topics for studying suspensions. An example represents mechanisms structure and analysis (synthesis, kinematics, and dynamics) under various operating conditions. These aspects have been approached before analytically, numerical. The current paper studies the influence of the lateral force on the contact patch of the wheel and the corresponding variations of vehicle stability parameters, such as camber angle and wheel rear track. The study is performed for a newer innovative rear suspensions mechanism which does not have a wheel track and camber angle variation, relative to the chassis, when the suspension components was considered rigid. A numerical solution is obtained through a virtual model on several commercial codes: MSC Adams, Patran, Nastran. Concerning the analysed parametes, their variation increases as the applied force is increased. Moreover, the largest variation corresponds to the case were elastic bushings and deformable links are considered. 相似文献
206.
Liwen Zhang J. Th.M.De Hosson Yuanliang Xia Fugang Wang . The State Key Laboratory for Materials Modification by Laser Ion Electron Beams . Material Engineering Department of Dalian University of Technology Dalian China 《上海交通大学学报(英文版)》2000,(1)
IntroductionHighpowerCOzlaserssdsetransformationhardeningtechniquehasbeensuccessfullyusedinindusnyforWYears.BecausethetemPeratUrefleldislocalizedinmaterialdurllglasertransfonnationhMngProcess,highthermstrCsswillgenerateinmatgrialduringlasertfansformationhardeningProcess.Therisalsohighresidualstressinmaterial,bothintCnsionandcomPression['-'].ComPressresidualstressishelptoincreasethefatigueldrimeofthelasertreatedmaterial,butthetensilestresswillshortenthefatiguelifetmeofthelasertreatedmator… 相似文献
207.
WT. Wu J.P. Tang G. Li Scientific Forming Technologies Corporation Reed Road Columbus Ohio - U.S.A. 《上海交通大学学报(英文版)》2000,(1)
l.IntroductionThemostboortantdrivingforceinmanufacturillistoPrOduCeabetterPrOductatalowercost.GenerallyeffecthemethodsinchideshOrtenintheleadtiminthedesigncyCle,andredUcinthetoolingcostandmaChinedOWnmeatProductionst4e.AllOfthemrewtabettertmderstandingofhO… 相似文献
208.
J. Ejsmont S. Taryma G. Ronowski B. Swieczko-Zurek 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2016,17(2):237-244
Tyre load and inflation pressure are important factors controlling rolling resistance of road vehicles. The article presents results obtained in the Technical University of Gdańsk during laboratory and road measurements of different car tyres rolling on different pavements. The knowledge of rolling resistance characteristics is important for modelling car dynamics as well as fuel consumption. It is also necessary to establish proper test conditions in the future standardized on-road method of measuring rolling resistance. The results indicate that while an increase of load always leads to the increase of rolling resistance force, the influence on Coefficient of Rolling Resistance is more complicated and unpredictable. They also indicate that tyres with high rolling resistance are more sensitive to inflation pressure changes than low rolling resistance tyres. 相似文献
209.
Based on a shield-driven running tunnel project of Hangzhou Metro Line 2, this paper carries out field measuring of the ground surface deformation caused by two different shield machines in double-tube tunnelling in soft soil areas, obtains the laws of the surface deformation caused by shield-driven double-tube tunnelling and verifies the applicability of the modified Peck formula to double-tube tunnelling. The results show that in soft soil areas the impacts on ground surface deformation caused by different shield construction parameters in the previously and subsequently excavated tunnels are different, while the surface deformation changes sharply before and after the shield machine passing through the cutting face, and a rebound phenomenon occurs when the shield tail passes through the cutting face due to the influence of the grouting; The cutterhead torque of the shield machine in soft soil areas can be composed of five calculation factors, and the calculation results are in good agreement with the measured values. The larger the opening rate of the shield cutterhead is, the larger the average torque value will be, the higher the percentage of large ground loss rate will be, and the larger the maximum ground surface settlement will be; The ratio of cutterhead torque T to mucking volume per ring Q is used as the control parameter for analyzing the ground surface settlement, and a certain positive correlation between the ratio and the surface settlement value is determined, the smaller the cutterhead opening rate is, the more accurate the fitting results will be. © 2022, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved. 相似文献
210.
C. Vanesa Durán Grados Zigor Uriondo Manuel Clemente Francisco J. Jiménez Espadafor Juan Moreno Gutiérrez 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2009,14(1):61-66
Emissions from the exhausts of marine diesel engines comprises several different gases including NOX. These are currently regulated at the international level under Regulation 13 of ANNEX VI of MARPOL 73/78, but this regulation only applies to new engines and is based on bench tests, for only a single engine designated the “parent engine”. Here, the need to take measurements from across their whole range and once in operation on board a vessel is examined. This would not only improve assessment of new equipment against the current regulation, but would also detect defects in the functioning of the engine. 相似文献