Fuel economy comparison of conventional drive trains series and parallel hybrid electric step vans

A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a vehicle that combines a conventional propulsion system with an on-board rechargeable energy storage system to achieve better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle HEVs do not have limited ranges like battery electric vehicles, which use batteries charged by an external source. The different propulsion power systems may have common subsystems or components. The objective of this study is to compare the fuel economies of a conventional step van, a series hybrid electric step van (HESV), and a parallel HESV by calculating the fuel consumption using the ADVISOR software by NREL. We also showed the results of the vehicles in different driving cycles including the Central Business District bus cycles, the New York City Cycle, and the US EPA City and Highway cycles.     

Model-based control system design in a urea-SCR aftertreatment system based on NH3 sensor feedback

This paper presents preliminary control system simulation results in a urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) aftertreatment system based on NH₃ sensor feedback. A four-state control-oriented lumped parameter model is used to analyze the controllability and observability properties of the urea-SCR plant. A model-based estimator is designed via simulation and a control system is developed with design based on a sliding mode control framework. The control system based on NH₃ sensor feedback is analyzed via simulation by comparing it to a control system developed based on NO_x sensor feedback. Simulation results show that the NH₃ sensor-based strategy performs very similarly in comparison to a NO_x sensor-based strategy. The control system performance metrics for NO_x index, urea index, urea usage, and NH₃ slip suggest that the NO_x sensor can be a potential alternative to a NO_x sensor for urea-SCR control applications.     

A Study of the Response of a Double Bottom Vehicle to Steering and Braking

The paper describes the development, operation and some of the results obtained from a simulation of the steering behaviour of the double bottom articulated vehicle, in particular the effects that arise when certain axles are locked.     

Application of a modified thermostatic control strategy to parallel mild HEV for improving fuel economy in urban driving conditions

A modified thermostatic control strategy is applied to the powertrain control of a parallel mild hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) to improve fuel economy. This strategy can improve the fuel economy of a parallel mild HEV by operating internal combustion engine (ICE) in a high-efficiency region. Thus, in this study, experiments of a parallel mild HEV were conducted to analyze the characteristics of the hybrid electric powertrain and a numerical model is developed for the vehicle. Based on the results, the thermostatic control strategy was modified and applied to the vehicle model. Also, battery protection logic by using electrochemical battery model is applied because the active usage of battery by thermostatic control strategy can damage the battery. The simulation results of the vehicle under urban driving conditions show that the thermostatic control strategy can improve the vehicle’s fuel economy by 3.7 % compared with that of the conventional strategy. The results also suggest that the trade-off between the fuel economy improvement by efficient ICE operation and the battery life reduction by active battery usage should be carefully investigated when a thermostatic control strategy is applied to a parallel mild HEV.     

Optimal scheduling of the flexray static segment based on two-dimensional bin-packing algorithm

FlexRay is a reliable and hard real-time in-vehicle communication protocol that is strongly promoted by car manufacturers as the de facto standard in the automotive domain. The protocol offers both a time-triggered and an eventtriggered architecture. This paper focuses on the optimal scheduling of the time-triggered component of FlexRay known as the static (ST) segment using a two-dimensional bin-packing technique. To maximize the bandwidth utilization in the ST segment, a fast heuristic as well as an efficient integer linear programming approach are proposed. Our methods directly schedule signals into slots including frame packing, according to signal-based data scheduling and the slot/ cycle multiplexing mechanisms presented by the latest version of the FlexRay protocol. The benefits of our proposed methods are demonstrated by extensive experiments on synthetic and an automotive X-by-wire system case study. An additional test case is examined to emphasize the superior performance of the proposed approach relative to that of existing optimal scheduling approaches.     

驿宛高速公路路堑高边坡监测与稳定性评价

结合驿宛高速公路一段路堑边坡,介绍了以监测锚杆受力情况判断边坡潜在滑移面和评价边坡稳定性这一新方法,并在工程中应用.同时,运用FIAC软件对边坡的稳定性进行了数值模拟计算,通过现场监测和数值模拟,判定边坡稳定状态,分析变形发展原因,并对支护效果作出评价.     

废轮胎橡胶颗粒干法改性沥青混凝土的应用

将废轮胎橡胶颗粒应用在道路建设中,是一种非常有效的回收利用方式,且对环境保护具有十分重要的作用。介绍了废轮胎橡胶颗粒干法改性沥青混凝土的路用性能、级配组成设计与施工影响因素等。     

具有参数不确定性的重型货车抗侧倾输出反馈鲁棒H_∞控制

为了减小重型货车在转向操作时的侧倾角,从而避免货车转向时发生侧翻,可以通过在悬架中安装主动抗侧倾杆以补偿横向载荷转移的方法来实现.本文的分析为这一方法提供理论依据.运用基于线性矩阵不等式(LMI)的H∞控制理论,提出了基于观测器的抗侧倾输出反馈控制算法.通过对某具有一系列不确定性参数的重型货车侧倾一横摆动力学模型进行仿真,验证了此控制算法的有效性和鲁棒性.     

基于Plant Simulation的后桥线仿真优化

以F公司后桥装配线为例,针对装配线存在的生产效率低、等待时间长、忙闲不均等问题,在精益思想的指导下根据ECRS原则对装配线的瓶颈工序进行改善,取消不必要的工艺流程,对工人行走路线进行重新规划。另外,对装配线的任务进行重新分配。用Plant Simulation仿真软件对装配线改善前后进行对比分析,结果表明,优化后的装配线节拍降低,日最大产能提高,平衡率增加。