Méthode de validation formelle d’un poste d’aiguillage informatique

In this article, we discuss on how to solve the following problems: the checks and tests before putting the safety facilities into service, and the results of these tests which are essential, time consuming and may show great variations among each other. Economic constraints and the increasing complexity associated with the development of computerized tools tend to limit the capacity of the classic approval process. In practice, a reduction of the test cover rate is observed. The method presented in this article makes it possible to formally validate the new computerized mechanisms of the existing French interlocking systems with real-time functional interpreted Petri nets. The aim of our project was to provide SNCF with an operating method for the formal validation of interlocking systems. A formal proof method by assertion, applicable to our interlocking system, which covers equally the specification and its real software implementation, is presented in this article. With the proposed method and its associated tools, we completely verify that the system follows all safety procedures at all times and does not show superfluous conditions. This replaces all plateform tests checks. It is included in the existing testing procedures. The advantages of using this method are the following: a significant reduction of testing time and of the related costs, an increase of the test coverage rate (determinisitic safety vs. probabilistic safety), and an answer to the new demand of railway infrastructure maintenance engineering to modify and validate computerized interlocking systems. The mastery of formal methods by infrastructure engineers is surely a key to prove that additional safety is not expensive.     

Hydrographic conditions affecting two fishing grounds of Mallorca island (Western Mediterranean): during the IDEA Project (2003–2004)

This paper describes the hydrographic conditions observed during six surveys carried out during 2003 and 2004, in the framework of the “IDEA Project” (acronym for “Influence of oceanographic structure and dynamics on demersal populations in waters of the Balearic Islands”). The surveys were developed on the shelf and slope of Mallorca Island, in particular in two fishing grounds at the north and south of the Mallorca channel. Periodic movements of the fishing fleet between these two areas have been regularly reported, suggesting a seasonal variability of the resources which could be in turn associated with the hydrodynamic variability. With this motivation, water masses affecting these grounds have been identified and their seasonal variability has been studied. Different oceanographic and environmental conditions have been found between the two fishing grounds. These differences are related to the presence of mesoscale structures, associated with the Western Mediterranean Intermediate Water (WIW) at the north of the Ibiza channel and big gyres detached from the Algerian Current. The former has been shown to have influence on the regional oceanic circulation and the latter could affect the progress of fresh Atlantic Water (AW) towards the channels and make possible the presence of high salinity values at intermediate waters at the south of Mallorca Island. Historical data from other oceanographic cruises carried out in the region are finally used to discuss the interannual variability of these mesoscale structures.     

转K1型转向架组装工艺

介绍了转K1型转向架的结构特点和关键技术参数,着重分析了侧架导框的加工、侧架与支撑座板的组焊和转向架的组装工艺等。     

考虑疲劳强度和减轻质量的转向架构架设计

用有限元法对各种载荷工况下的转向架构架进行了疲劳分析,利用人工神经网络和遗传算法最大程度地减轻了转向架构架的质量.     

青藏高原铁路客车电气系统设计

文章从安全性和可靠性的角度出发,指出了青藏高原铁路客车电气系统需要解决的难题,介绍了电气系统及设备所采取的针对性措施以及系统控制与防护措施。     

内侧轴箱式转向架曲线通过性能研究

内侧轴箱式转向架是一种新型结构模式的转向架。文章通过动力学仿真软件对该结构转向架的曲线通过性能进行了计算,并在与传统转向架动力学性能对比的基础上,进一步研究了内侧轴箱式转向架的曲线通过性能。     

以太网技术在列车通信网络中的应用探讨

基于现有列车通信网络(TCN)不能完全满足信息传输的情况,提出了工业以太网和CAN总线共存的方案,介绍了基于高性能数字信号处理器TMS320F206的工业Ethernet的硬件接口电路、CAN/Ethernet网关模型等。     

砂型紧实度对活塞环产品质量的影响

分析了活塞环生产中,在化学成分、浇注温度、造型材料基本相同的情况下,紧实度低的或者紧实度不均匀的铸型生产出来的活塞环存在内部缩松的可能性,提出了相应的解决措施。     

Spatial variability of the barotropic M2 constituent tidal current over the Rías Baixas Galician shelf (NW Spain)

Using current meters and systematically repeated vessel mounted ADCP data legs, we describe the role of the semidiurnal and diurnal constituents in the tidal currents and investigate the mesoscale variability of the M₂ tidal currents field along three cross-shelf legs over the Galician shelf. We found that the estimated values of the semi-major axes of the main semidiurnal tidal constituents are closely related to those obtained in previous research and that the tidal currents are predominantly semidiurnal. Amplitudes of the M₂ and S₂ semi-major axes constituents are comparable, and important fortnightly variability should thus be expected in the amplitude of the semidiurnal tidal currents. Vertical profiles of the semi-major axes of the main tidal constituents reveal that, in the absence of stratification, and far from the bottom frictional effects, the tidal currents are mostly barotropic. Over the slope, the tidal ellipses tilt from a north–south orientation toward the northeast–southwest direction and, as we go further into the shelf, their amplitude is increased, a feature that is reasonably explained by the transition from the dynamics of a Poincaré wave offshore to the dynamics of a northward alongshore propagating Kelvin wave over the shelf. The Ría de Vigo exerts a notable influence over the tidal currents, acting as an extension of the shelf and introducing a meridional variation in the orientation of the ellipses from the alongshore direction in the southern straight coast toward the northeast–southwest direction at the latitude of the Rías. Finally, the spatial fitting methods we tried have proved to be successful in VMADCP data detiding in this region.     

Empirical approaches to combining revealed and stated preference data: Some recent developments with reference to urban mode choice

This paper replaces the nested logit ‘trick’ used in estimation of a modal choice model, when stated preference (SP) and revealed preference (RP) data are pooled, with an error component mixed logit model that can (i) relax the IID condition attached to subsets of alternatives in nested logit models, (ii) accommodate correlated observations, and (iii) reveal the relevant scale parameter for subsets of alternatives. Such a model can also incorporate state dependence between data types and preference heterogeneity on observed attributes. An example of choice among bus, train and car modes illustrates the difference in empirical evidence, especially elasticity outputs.