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301.
K. J. Spyrou 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》1995,1(1):24-36
The behavior of a ship encountering large regular waves from astern at low frequency is the object of investigation, with a parallel study of surf-riding and periodic motion paterns. First, the theoretical analysis of surf-riding is extended from purely following to quartering seas. Steady-state continuation is used to identify all possible surf-riding states for one wavelength. Examination of stability indicates the existence of stable and unstable states and predicts a new type of oscillatory surf-riding. Global analysis is also applied to determine the areas of state space which lead to surf-riding for a given ship and wave conditions. In the case of overtaking waves, the large rudder-yaw-surge oscillations of the vessel are examined, showing the mechanism and conditions responsible for loss of controllability at certain vessel headings.List of symbols
c
wave celerity (m/s)
-
C(p)
roll damping moment (Ntm)
-
g
acceleration of gravity (m/s2)
-
GM
metacentric height (m)
-
H
wave height (m)
-
I
x
,I
z
roll and yaw ship moments of inertia (kg m2)
-
k
wave number (m–1)
-
K
H
,K
W
,K
R
hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller
-
K
p
forces in the roll direction (Ntm)
-
m
ship mass (kg)
-
n
propeller rate of rotation (rpm)
-
N
H
,N
W
,N
R
hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller
-
N
P
moments in the yaw direction (Ntm)
-
p
roll angular velocity (rad/s)
-
r
rate-of-turn (rad/s)
-
R(,x)
restoring moment (Ntm)
-
Res(u)
ship resistance (Nt)
-
t
time (s)
-
u
surge velocity (m/s)
-
U
vessel speed (m/s)
-
v
sway velocity (m/s)
-
W
ship weight (Nt)
-
x
longitudinal position of the ship measured from the wave system (m)
-
x
G
,z
G
longitudinal and vertical center of gravity (m)
-
x
S
longitudinal position of a ship section (S), in the ship-fixed system (m)
-
X
H
,X
W
,X
R
hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller
-
X
P
forces in the surge direction (Nt)
-
y
transverse position of the ship, measured from the wave system (m)
-
Y
H
,Y
W
,Y
R
hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller
-
Y
p
forces in the sway direction (Nt)
-
z
Y
vertical position of the point of action of the lateral reaction force during turn (m)
-
z
W
vertical position of the point of action of the lateral wave force (m)
Greek symbols
angle of drift (rad)
-
rudder angle (rad)
-
wavelength (m)
-
position of the ship in the earth-fixed system (m)
-
water density (kg/m3)
-
angle of heel (rad)
-
heading angle (rad)
-
e
frequency of encounter (rad/s)
Hydrodynamic coefficients
K
roll added mass
-
N
v
,N
r
yaw acceleration coefficients
-
N
v
N
r
N
rr
N
rrv
,N
vvr
yaw velocity coefficients K. Spyrou: Ship behavior in quartering waves
-
X
u
surge acceleration coefficient
-
X
u
X
vr
surge velocity coefficients
-
Y
v
,Y
r
sway acceleration coefficients
-
Y
v
,Y
r
,Y
vv
,Y
rr
,Y
vr
sway velocity coefficients
European Union-nominated Fellow of the Science and Technology Agency of Japan, Visiting Researcher, National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering of Japan 相似文献
302.
303.
EricJ.Gonzales NikolasGeroIiminiS MichaelJ.Cassidy CarlosF.Daganzo 李长波译 WrittenbyEricJ.Gonzales NikolasGeroliminis TranslatedbyLiChangbo 《城市交通》2012,(3):81-90,22
从集计角度分析了运行多种交通方式的城市交通系统。利用目前已受关注的宏观基本图(简称MFD),描述城市交通的整体特性。以旧金山某区为例,使用现有数据,通过仿真论证如何应用MFD监管真实交通网络。然后讨论了同一路网中不同交通方式间如何相互作用,以及如何将这些作用纳入包含多种交通方式路网的MFD。研究得到的两个主要结论是:1)证实了已有研究猜想——对市区拥挤区域限行,可提高包括被限行者在肉的所有出行者的机动性;2)公交方式提供专用道路空间可提高所有交通方式的可达性。 相似文献
304.
目的 证实在大鼠的正常清醒时间 (夜间 ) ,高盐食物加剧终生服用开博通的自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR)的升压效应 ,并诱发终生服用开博通 (Captopril)之正常血压大鼠 (WKY)的这种反应。方法 将SHR和WKY鼠分为不服用开博通、终生服用开博通和在给予高盐食物前两周停用开博通三组 ,继之再各分为两组 ,饲以正常盐或高盐两种不同食物。血压采取无线遥测系统进行 2 4h连续观测。结果 终生服用开博通之SHR组 ,高盐食物引致动脉血压的快速增高 ,停药后这种盐敏感性血压升高无明显变化。高盐食物也诱发终生服用开博通之WKY鼠的动脉血压迅速升高 ,停药后也无明显变化。而高盐食物不增高对照组WKY鼠的平均动脉压。结论 终生服用开博通可使SHR及WKY鼠对高盐食物所致动脉血压反应发生改变。长期的肾素 -血管紧张素转换酶抑制对心血管系统可能具有长时效应 ,而不依赖于持续服用开博通 相似文献
305.
Inmanyindividuals ,high NaCldietsincreasearterialpressure ,butthemechanismlinkingNaClintaketohypertensionremainselusive .Severallinesofevidencesuggestthatahigh NaCldietmayincrease plasmasodiumconcentration ,thereforeactivatingcentralosmosensitivenucleiand… 相似文献
306.
Liwen Zhang J. Th.M.De Hosson Yuanliang Xia Fugang Wang .The State Key Laboratory for Materials Modification by Laser Ion Electron Beams .Material Engineering Department of Dalian University of Technology Dalian China 《上海交通大学学报(英文版)》2000,(1)
IntroductionHighpowerCOzlaserssdsetransformationhardeningtechniquehasbeensuccessfullyusedinindusnyforWYears.BecausethetemPeratUrefleldislocalizedinmaterialdurllglasertransfonnationhMngProcess,highthermstrCsswillgenerateinmatgrialduringlasertfansformationhardeningProcess.Therisalsohighresidualstressinmaterial,bothintCnsionandcomPression['-'].ComPressresidualstressishelptoincreasethefatigueldrimeofthelasertreatedmaterial,butthetensilestresswillshortenthefatiguelifetmeofthelasertreatedmator… 相似文献
307.
J. -M. Bergheau Ph. Conraux . LTDS UMR CNRS/ECL/ENISE rue J. Parot Saint Etienne Cedex France Email: bergheau@enise.fr . SYSTUS International Bvd Vivier Merle Lyon Cedex France Email: ph.conraux@systus.com 《上海交通大学学报(英文版)》2000,(1)
IntroductiollAnyelectricalconductorplacedinatime-varyingmagneticfieldistheseatofeddycurrentsthatdissipatepowerthroughJouleeffect.ThispowerisconcentratedinthesurfaceofthecomPonent,inaverysmallthicknesswhichdependsontheelectricalconductivityandmagneticpermeabilityofthematerial,butalsoonthefrequencyofthecurrents.Inductionhardeningprocessestakeadvantageofthiseffectbecauseitthereforepossibletocontrolthethicknessofthetreatedlayer.InductionhardeningofsteelcomPonentsisrealisedintwosteps.First,anindu… 相似文献
308.
The Enhanced Variable Rate Codec (EVRC) is a standard for the Speech Service Opti6n 3 for Wideband Spread Spectrum Digital System, which has been employed in both IS-95 cellular systems and ANSI J-STC-008 PCS (Personal Communications Systems). This paper investigated the combination of turbo codes with Unequal Error Protection (UEP) and 16-QAM modulation for EVRC codec of Rate 1 to get power and bandwidth efficient coding scheme. The results show that the UEP system outperforms the Equal Error Protection (EEP) one by 1.45dB at BER of 10^-5. 相似文献
309.
Fuel economy comparison of conventional drive trains series and parallel hybrid electric step vans 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S. B. Han Y. H. Chang Y. J. Chung E. Y. Lee B. Suh A. Frank 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2009,10(2):235-240
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a vehicle that combines a conventional propulsion system with an on-board rechargeable
energy storage system to achieve better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle HEVs do not have limited ranges like battery
electric vehicles, which use batteries charged by an external source. The different propulsion power systems may have common
subsystems or components. The objective of this study is to compare the fuel economies of a conventional step van, a series
hybrid electric step van (HESV), and a parallel HESV by calculating the fuel consumption using the ADVISOR software by NREL.
We also showed the results of the vehicles in different driving cycles including the Central Business District bus cycles,
the New York City Cycle, and the US EPA City and Highway cycles. 相似文献
310.
H. -D. Kang D. -H. Kim S. -W. Chae J. -N. Han D. -S. Kim 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2009,10(5):583-587
Most of the research on safety belt systems has involved crash simulation that only considered a dynamic human model. However,
belt routing analysis, usually known as comfort level estimation, is also an important factor in safety belt design, considering
that serious injuries of the abdominal region result from the infiltration of a belt into the neck or the chest. Thus, safety
belt evaluations using kinematic human models are also needed. In this paper, a belt fit simulation method is suggested. Using
the proposed process, both comfort and safety analyses can be performed under the same conditions continuously, and thus the
safety belt design parameters, such as the location of anchor points, dummy posture and etc., can be evaluated. In conclusion,
this computer process enables a belt system design to reduce injuries. 相似文献