Structural Optimization of Hatch Cover Based on Bi-directional Evolutionary Structure Optimization and Surrogate Model Method

Weight reduction has attracted much attention among ship designers and ship owners. In the present work, based on an improved bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method and surrogate model method, we propose a hybrid optimization method for the structural design optimization of beam-plate structures, which covers three optimization levels: dimension optimization, topology optimization and section optimization. The objective of the proposed optimization method is to minimize the weight of design object under a group of constraints. The kernel optimization procedure (KOP) uses BESO to obtain the optimal topology from a ground structure. To deal with beam-plate structures, the traditional BESO method is improved by using cubic box as the unit cell instead of solid unit to construct periodic lattice structure. In the first optimization level, a series of ground structures are generated based on different dimensional parameter combinations, the KOP is performed to all the ground structures, the response surface model of optimal objective values and dimension parameters is created, and then the optimal dimension parameters can be obtained. In the second optimization level, the optimal topology is obtained by using the KOP according to the optimal dimension parameters. In the third optimization level, response surface method (RSM) is used to determine the section parameters. The proposed method is applied to a hatch cover structure design. The locations and shapes of all the structural members are determined from an oversized ground structure. The results show that the proposed method leads to a greater weight saving, compared with the original design and genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization results.     

Simulation Study on Multi-Rate Time-Frequency Analysis of Non-Stationary Signals

A new time-frequency analysis method is proposed in this study using a multi-rate signal decomposition technique for the analysis of non-stationary signals. The method uses a multi-rate filter bank for an improved non-stationary signal decomposition treatment, and uses the Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD) analysis for signal reconstruction. The method presented in this study can effectively resolves the time and frequency resolution issue for non-stationary signal analysis and the cross-term issue typically encountered in time-frequency analysis. The feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method are evaluated and verified in a numerical simulation.     

Catalytic Combustion of Lean Methane Assisted by Electric Field over Pd/Co<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> Catalysts at Low Temperature

A series of Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts were prepared by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS) method in this study, and electric field was applied for catalytic combustion of lean methane over Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts at low temperature. When electric field was applied, the catalytic combustion performance of Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts was greatly improved, and the application of electric field could reduce the load of active element Pd to some extent while maintaining the same efficiency. Based on experimental tests and the analysis results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H₂-temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in-situ DRIFTS), the mechanism of catalytic oxidation of CH₄ over Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts in electric field was proposed. The catalytic combustion of CH₄ occurs only when the temperature is higher than 250 °C normally, but when electric field was applied, the whole process of CH₄ oxidation was promoted significantly and the reaction temperature was reduced. Electric field could promote the reduction of the support Co₃O₄ to release the lattice oxygen, resulting in the increase of PdO_x and the surface chemisorbed oxygen, which could provide more active sites for the low-temperature oxidation of CH₄. Furthermore, electric field could accelerate the dehydroxylation of CoOOH to further enhance the activity of the catalysts.     

基于改进Canny算法的道路标线自动识别及定位

在自动化道路病害检测过程中,检测车的横向偏移会导致路面病害横向定位的误差,通过边缘检测算法对标线进行自动识别及定位,可消除病害横向定位的误差. 但传统Canny边缘检测算法存在对标线边缘识别不全,噪声、伪边缘较多的问题. 因此本文对Canny算法进行改进:采用维纳滤波替代高斯滤波以滤除噪声;利用OTSU法自适应地选取图像阈值;提出划定准偏区域以滤除路面干扰并提高边缘完整识别率. 研究结果表明:与其他边缘检测算法相比,该算法检测出的边缘像素总数分布在900～2 000,与标准值1 352较为符合,8连通域数与边缘像素总数、4连通域数的比值分别分布在0～0.04和0～0.29,在抑制噪声、剔除伪边缘及路面干扰、边缘识别连续性和单一边缘响应方面实际应用效果较好;人工法验证结果表明该算法定位标线结果与实际值的吻合度高达99%,可在同步采集的3D激光图像上进行路面病害横向定位.      

原位自生(TiC+TiB)/Ti6Al4V在300℃干滑动摩擦磨损机制

选用颗粒状TiC和条状TiB复合增强的钛基复合材料,在300℃环境温度和不同载荷下的干滑动摩擦磨损行为及其磨损机制进行研究.利用SEM、ESS、XRD等分析手段,对磨损面、剖面,磨屑等进行观察与分析;总体上复合材料磨损率降低,且增强相含量高的磨损率也低,摩擦系数小而稳定.磨损表面存在氧化物,存在磨屑脱落后的痕迹,从磨损...     

基于Cite Space的我国路面工程领域发展状况分析

为弥补定性方法在科技发展分析中客观性不足的缺陷,以中国科学引文数据库收录的期刊论文为研究对象,利用科学计量法和Cite Space可视化工具,从发文量、研究机构、作者、关键词等维度对近10年来路面工程领域的研究现状进行定量分析,以期为该领域科技发展现状总结与热点跟踪提供借鉴.科学计量分析得出:路面工程领域得到了国家级、...     

车轮踏面缺陷引起的轮轨动态响应综述

从滚动接触理论、试验与数值模拟三方面概述了轮轨关系研究现状,强调了轮轨滚动接触行为中轮轨材料动态力学性能的影响;总结了轮轨材料静动态力学性能与本构关系的相关成果;介绍了由车轮扁疤、踏面剥离/剥落、车轮多边形等典型踏面缺陷引起的轮轨动态响应研究,分析了车轮踏面缺陷对轮轨滚动接触行为和列车系统动力学性能的影响,以及车轮踏面缺陷的形成原因、影响规律与演变机理,重点关注了轮轨动态效应对高速轮轨滚动接触行为的影响;概括了车轮踏面缺陷的检测技术与减缓和防治措施。研究结果表明：车轮踏面缺陷致使轮轨冲击力显著增大,导致轮轨部件损伤和车体异常振动,严重影响车辆-轨道系统部件的使用寿命和列车动力学性能,甚至威胁列车运行安全;车轮踏面缺陷的成因与机理仍需进一步探究,车辆异常制动、轮轨低黏着状态均会导致车轮扁疤的产生,轮轨材料特性、轮轨间接触载荷、轮对共振、列车制动系统性能与线路运行条件/环境等均是导致车轮踏面发生剥离的主要影响因素,轮轴共振、轮轨摩擦振动、车轮制造镟修工艺等均与车轮多边形的形成有密切联系;改善轮轨材料的性能,控制轨道系统的支撑刚度/阻尼及轮轨间摩擦因数等均是抑制车轮踏面缺陷产生的有效途径。     

基于运行信息的断路器故障率预测研究

目前电子设备元器件故障率的预测多根据标准开展,降低了故障率预测的准确性和可信性.提出了基于运行信息预测断路器故障率的方法,为消除设计应力的影响,定义了额定故障率.给出了基于多项目运行信息建立额定故障率的模型及计算方法,并以已运行深圳四号线项目和南京二号线项目为例说明额定故障率计算,并应用额定故障率对新开发的上海十三号线二期项目中断路器故障率进行了预测,同时与标准预测进行了比较.     

Dynamical Self-Reconfigurable Mechanism for Data-Driven Cell Array

The utilization of computation resources and reconfiguration time has a large impact on reconfiguration system performance.In order to promote the performance,a...     

考虑出行效用的空铁联运需求研究

文章从出行效用角度出发对空铁联运旅客需求进行研究.结合前景理论与后悔理论提出基础效用、风险感知效用和欣喜效用,基于转换的重力模型优化效用函数,得到腹地城市-高铁-航班的旅客需求预测模型.以南京禄口国际机场为目标机场,综合长三角机场群中旅客吞吐量大于1 000万的机场、距离最近的十个机场以及根据行政划分的江苏省所有机场进...