模糊数学在立交匝道线形优化设计中的应用

将模糊数学的概念、原理应用到立交线形优化设计中,以立交平面线形设计中的2种基本线形—圆曲线、缓和曲线作为构成立交线形设计中的线形元,并且考虑了行车条件、线形几何约束、超高要求等约束条件,以及影响参数取值的因素的模糊性,提出了比传统的优化设计方法更为科学、合理的模糊优化设计方法,建立了模糊优化数学模型,并分析了其解法.     

不确定箱重下内河集装箱班轮航线配载决策

与集装箱海运相比内河集装箱班轮运输具有其独特性,同时对于内贸箱而言,货主订舱时箱重信息的不确定性导致其航线配载决策变得更加复杂.本文考虑不确定箱重影响,以最小化航线班轮堆栈占用数量为目标,构建内河集装箱班轮航线配载决策的随机规划模型.为实现求解,基于随机规划理论,采用机会约束描述随机约束,将随机规划模型转化为随机机会约束规划模型,并设计混合邻域搜索算法求解.算法由蒙特卡罗随机模拟、神经元网络训练及邻域搜索启发式3个部分组成.算例研究表明,混合邻域搜索算法的鲁棒性较好,可实现配载计划对不确定因素的有效吸收.     

基于改进Canny算法的道路标线自动识别及定位

在自动化道路病害检测过程中,检测车的横向偏移会导致路面病害横向定位的误差,通过边缘检测算法对标线进行自动识别及定位,可消除病害横向定位的误差. 但传统Canny边缘检测算法存在对标线边缘识别不全,噪声、伪边缘较多的问题. 因此本文对Canny算法进行改进:采用维纳滤波替代高斯滤波以滤除噪声;利用OTSU法自适应地选取图像阈值;提出划定准偏区域以滤除路面干扰并提高边缘完整识别率. 研究结果表明:与其他边缘检测算法相比,该算法检测出的边缘像素总数分布在900～2 000,与标准值1 352较为符合,8连通域数与边缘像素总数、4连通域数的比值分别分布在0～0.04和0～0.29,在抑制噪声、剔除伪边缘及路面干扰、边缘识别连续性和单一边缘响应方面实际应用效果较好;人工法验证结果表明该算法定位标线结果与实际值的吻合度高达99%,可在同步采集的3D激光图像上进行路面病害横向定位.      

Structural Optimization of Hatch Cover Based on Bi-directional Evolutionary Structure Optimization and Surrogate Model Method

Weight reduction has attracted much attention among ship designers and ship owners. In the present work, based on an improved bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method and surrogate model method, we propose a hybrid optimization method for the structural design optimization of beam-plate structures, which covers three optimization levels: dimension optimization, topology optimization and section optimization. The objective of the proposed optimization method is to minimize the weight of design object under a group of constraints. The kernel optimization procedure (KOP) uses BESO to obtain the optimal topology from a ground structure. To deal with beam-plate structures, the traditional BESO method is improved by using cubic box as the unit cell instead of solid unit to construct periodic lattice structure. In the first optimization level, a series of ground structures are generated based on different dimensional parameter combinations, the KOP is performed to all the ground structures, the response surface model of optimal objective values and dimension parameters is created, and then the optimal dimension parameters can be obtained. In the second optimization level, the optimal topology is obtained by using the KOP according to the optimal dimension parameters. In the third optimization level, response surface method (RSM) is used to determine the section parameters. The proposed method is applied to a hatch cover structure design. The locations and shapes of all the structural members are determined from an oversized ground structure. The results show that the proposed method leads to a greater weight saving, compared with the original design and genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization results.     

Simulation Study on Multi-Rate Time-Frequency Analysis of Non-Stationary Signals

A new time-frequency analysis method is proposed in this study using a multi-rate signal decomposition technique for the analysis of non-stationary signals. The method uses a multi-rate filter bank for an improved non-stationary signal decomposition treatment, and uses the Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD) analysis for signal reconstruction. The method presented in this study can effectively resolves the time and frequency resolution issue for non-stationary signal analysis and the cross-term issue typically encountered in time-frequency analysis. The feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method are evaluated and verified in a numerical simulation.     

Catalytic Combustion of Lean Methane Assisted by Electric Field over Pd/Co<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> Catalysts at Low Temperature

A series of Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts were prepared by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS) method in this study, and electric field was applied for catalytic combustion of lean methane over Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts at low temperature. When electric field was applied, the catalytic combustion performance of Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts was greatly improved, and the application of electric field could reduce the load of active element Pd to some extent while maintaining the same efficiency. Based on experimental tests and the analysis results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H₂-temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in-situ DRIFTS), the mechanism of catalytic oxidation of CH₄ over Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts in electric field was proposed. The catalytic combustion of CH₄ occurs only when the temperature is higher than 250 °C normally, but when electric field was applied, the whole process of CH₄ oxidation was promoted significantly and the reaction temperature was reduced. Electric field could promote the reduction of the support Co₃O₄ to release the lattice oxygen, resulting in the increase of PdO_x and the surface chemisorbed oxygen, which could provide more active sites for the low-temperature oxidation of CH₄. Furthermore, electric field could accelerate the dehydroxylation of CoOOH to further enhance the activity of the catalysts.     

Application of digital image correlation method to in-situ dynamic strain measurement

Application of digital image correlation (DIC) method to determination of in-situ dynamic strain is presented in this study. Firstly, an integrative software is programmed based on the DIC algorithms and point-wise least-squares fitting technique. Then, simulated speckle images are generated to study the computational accuracy of this software. The experimental setup and procedures for measuring in-situ dynamic strain through both DIC and strain gauge are proposed. The DIC results are close to those measured by strain gauge. This fact reveals that DIC is a practical and effective tool for in-situ dynamic strain measurement. Finally, the full-field in-situ dynamic strain of another specimen is measured by DIC, and the overall distribution of the strain in the measurement area is clearly shown.     

集装箱船舶装箱排序问题的两阶段算法

集装箱船舶装箱排序问题综合集装箱装船顺序与船舶贝内排箱,是一类典型的组合优化问题.考虑堆场发箱顺序和船舶配载之间的关联,构建集装箱船舶装箱排序问题的数学模型.针对构建的优化模型,鉴于已有方法难以直接对其进行求解,基于两阶段分层求解思想设计SWO-HES两阶段算法.算法第1阶段利用吱呀轮算法(SWO)大邻域导向式搜索的特点优化集装箱装船顺序问题;第2阶段将SWO的结果作为输入,基于启发式规则和演化策略算法(ES)构造混合演化策略算法(HES)优化船舶贝内排箱问题.最后,通过不同规模算例的研究,将SWO-HES与常见智能算法、基于实际装船规则的启发式算法进行对比分析,验证模型与算法的有效性.     

基于绿色飞行的航空器离场累积事件噪声控制研究

航空业的迅猛发展,在带来巨大经济、社会效益的同时,也造成日益严重的噪声污染.为缓解机场周边噪声问题,贯彻"绿色飞行"理念,本文从飞行程序优化和飞行架次调整两方面进行航空器离场噪声控制研究.采用计权等效连续感觉噪声级为评价指标,应用累积事件噪声计算模型,以广州白云机场为例,绘制噪声等值线图,计算噪声影响面积,分析噪声控制效果及原因.结果表明,CCO减噪程序和飞行架次调整两种方法均可有效减少噪声影响面积,但噪声控制方法各有利弊,实践过程中应扬长避短灵活运用.     

公路城际出行链模式划分及其形成机制

为划分公路城际出行链模式并分析其形成机制,本文考虑城市内部换乘过程,解析了公路旅客城际出行过程.利用昆明市1 757份公路旅客出行调查问卷数据,提取了公路城际出行链结构特征.通过测算出行链结构值,提出了公路城际出行链模式的划分方法,将公路客运城际出行链模式划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类并分别获取了其形成机制.结果表明:昆明市公路城际通道的平均运距为237.95 km,公共交通是公路城际出行过程中城市内部换乘的主要交通方式;昆明市公路城际出行链的3类模式占比为13.9∶6.4∶4.7,整体结构较合理;其中,Ⅱ类出行链模式最能体现均衡、稳定的形成机制.对公路城际出行链的形成机制分析发现,收入因素是促使出行链结构合理化的重要动力;造成出行链结构不合理的重要因素是市内出行延误,而非城际通道出行过程.