有轨电车道岔几何线型检算与优化研究

为改善有轨电车通过道岔区域时所产生的轮轨冲撞以及钢轨异常磨耗问题,以某有轨电车路段轮轨异常磨耗为例,对道岔各部分轨距及间隔尺寸进行验算。根据道岔设计图纸,计算护轨端部轮轨间接触关系,提出有轨电车轮轨线型关系的改进措施。根据不同类型道岔磨耗情况,对各类型道岔的几何线型以及翼轨缓冲段槽宽进行优化分析和分类汇总。研究结果表明：当车辆转向架以自由内接形式通过曲线时,可能出现2种轮轨撞击情况,即后轴外侧车轮与护轨撞击和前轴内侧车轮与护轨相互撞击;为保证辙叉区护轨及翼轨处不发生轮轨撞击,护轨及翼轨缓冲段起始点与内外轨作用边槽宽应取各种工况下最不利值;合理加宽护轨及翼轨缓冲段起始槽宽,可实现辙叉区车体平稳转向;通过对有轨电车道岔几何线型进行调整,可以极大地减缓轮轨之间的冲撞。     

循环荷载作用下扣件钢轨纵向累积位移试验研究

为研究并模拟列车频繁制动作用导致的钢轨累积位移现象,以弹条Ⅲ型分开式扣件作为试验对象,对钢轨进行长期重复拉力加载,并通过数据采集软件采集拉力及钢轨位移数据,得到扣件纵向阻力与钢轨残余变形规律,获得在未超过扣件最大阻力的单向循环荷载加载下,钢轨纵向累积位移与加载循环次数的关系。研究结果表明：钢轨纵向累积位移随循环次数的增加而增大,在经过大量重复加载后残余位移增长速率有所减小,但位移值有进一步增大的趋势。对于弹条Ⅲ型分开式扣件,钢轨纵向残余位移f(x)和循环次数x间的函数关系近似满足幂函数形式：f(x)=0.017 58x^0.2332,且拟合度较高(R²=0.935 1)。该拟合公式具有一定的可信度,可以用于预测获得不同重复荷载作用后钢轨纵向累积位移值。经过大量纵向荷载重复作用后,扣件纵向刚度、扣件最大纵向阻力和扣件滑移阻力会有所增大,扣件弹塑性界限位移将会有所减小。研究成果可用于预测多次加卸载之后钢轨累积残余位移值,为相关线路设计与养护维修提供借鉴,同时也可为扣件本构关系的改进提供试验依据。同时可将钢轨残余位移预测值和扣件纵向刚度结合后计算出加...     

香山线路上的最强“指挥官”——记北京公交集团客四分公司第十七车队调度员曹兰敏

<正>科学合理调度当好一线指挥官运营调度是公交生产经营体系的中枢系统,是关系百姓顺利出行的关键环节。作为香山线路上的一名一线调度员就是这个系统得以正常运转的指挥官。在这个岗位上,曹兰敏一干就是17年,累计发车51万余车次,实现零失误、零问题,解决各类运营问题500余件次。     

LSAM的组成结构和强度机理的研究

通过分析大粒径沥青混合料的组成结构和强度形成机理,得出LSAM和AC强度的特点,从而为大粒径沥青混合料的设计提供理论依据。     

浅谈花岗岩碎石沥青混凝土的推广应用

以石灰岩碎石为主的沥青混合料成为路面建设的主要材料,在多年的应用实践中,人们对这种碎石拌和料有了较为丰富的认识,因而得到了最普遍的应用,石灰岩碎石以其存量大、分布广、易于破碎加工并与沥青有着较高的粘结性等优点成为沥青拌和料中的主要矿物集料。     

中型城市市域(郊)轨道交通建设的思考

根据某中型城市市域(郊)轨道交通建设经验,通过数据收集、理论计算、列举实例等方法,对中型城市市域(郊)轨道交通建设中关于客流预测、制式选择、设计速度、敷设方式、车辆编组、防灾救灾设计等重大问题进行研究,认为中型城市的市域(郊)轨道交通建设应根据各城市自身特点因地制宜,不能简单借鉴大型城市的建设经验,希望能给市域(郊)轨...     

广州地铁4号线高架桥防排水系统设计

根据广州地铁4号线高架桥的特点,分析桥梁排水设计的关键点,确定高架桥排水设计的原则,阐述地铁4号线高架桥防水及排水采用暗埋敷设的设计方案;通过对排水管材的分析比较,确定高架桥排水管材选型;分析高架桥排水管采用暗埋敷设的环境,对北方有冻胀灾害地区高架桥排水管的布置提出建议方案。     

纯电动汽车制动能量回收系统关键技术现状分析

文章以制动能量回收控制策略为核心,展开制动能量回收系统关键技术现状分析。首先重点阐述制动能量回收前后轴制动力与电-液制动力分配原则与技术要点。其后提出电机性能、储能装置性能状态、再生制动系统结构、行驶工况四类关键因素对制动能量回收的影响,并对其关键技术的研究现状进行综合分析。最后提出制动能量回收系统未来的研究方向。     

Application of dual reciprocity boundary element method to predict acoustic attenuation characteristics of marine engine exhaust silencers

In marine engine exhaust silencing systems, the presence of exhaust gas flow influences the sound propagation inside the systems and the acoustic attenuation performance of silencers. In order to investigate the effects of three-dimensional gas flow and acoustic damping on the acoustic attenuation characteristics of marine engine exhaust silencers, a dual reciprocity boundary element method （DRBEM） was developed. The acoustic governing equation in three-dimensional potential flow was derived first, and then the DRBEM numerical procedure is given. Compared to the conventional boundary element method （CBEM）, the DRBEM considers the second order terms of flow Mach number in the acoustic governing equation, so it is suitable for the cases with higher Mach number subsonic flow. For complex exhaust silencers, it is difficult to apply the single-domain boundary element method, so a substructure approach based on the dual reciprocity boundary element method is presented. The experiments for measuring transmission loss of silencers are conducted, and the experimental setup and measurements are explained. The transmission loss of a single expansion chamber silencer with extended inlet and outlet were predicted by DRBEM and compared with the measurements. The good agreements between predictions and measurements are observed, which demonstrated that the derived acoustic governing equation and the DRBEM numerical procedure in the present study are correct.     

Review of containership stowage plans for full routes

Containership stowage plans are a pivotal teaches in the system of container transportation. With the increasing containers shipping, planning containership stowage has become more and more complicated. So intelligent stowage planning for containerships is of great significance. An effective stowage plan may improve efficiency of transportation system. First, the progress of containership stowage plan at home and abroad is reviewed, including the latest developments, such as the application of various optimization methods and computer techniques to the problem. Then, the complexities of the problem are discussed and areas where investigations are still needed are pointed out. This will provide a reference for further research on the subject.