大型船可调桨推进装置机动工况分析不容忽视

论述主柴油机螺旋桨(FPP、CPP)推进特性的同时,结合螺旋桨推力系数(KP)、扭矩系数(Km)、随螺旋桨进程比,(λp)的变化情况,指出λp在大于某一定值后,螺旋桨将出现负推力和负转矩,这称为螺旋桨的水涡轮工况。此现象多发生在船舶机动作业的紧急换向工况中,对于CPP船若控制不慎,可能引发主机飞车或使船舶实际换向时间太长,两者都将延误船舶紧急避碰时机。现推荐一种"能耗法"的控制方法,可以有效地缩短船舶紧急换向实际时间,避免海难事故,保障航行安全。     

计算机自动控制热电偶检测系统

计算机自动控制热电偶检测系统是按照检定规程对检测精度要求采用数字PID控制，运用工业控制软件开发工具对炉温控制系统进行优化，使温控达到标准化，同时对标准偶和被检偶的数据采集、处理、检定结果进行综合分析。     

基于虚拟试验场的强化路面建模方法研究

虚拟试验场是依据某汽车试验场建立的,可用于在仿真环境下对车辆进行路试试验。虚拟试验场的路面建模需要保证具有实际路面特性,文章针对虚拟试验场建立中强化路面的建立问题进行研究,提出一种方法,可以准确的建立虚拟试验场的强化路面。利用双轨路面计测量强化路面的不平度,对测试数据进行分析处理,保证测量结果的准确性,应用试验场规则路面的详细尺寸信息建立模拟路面。对于规则强化路面,应用实际尺寸和技术规范等信息建立,对于不规则强化路面,利用实际测量的路面不平度,通过功率谱估计、路面等级分析、路面不平度数字化等建立模拟路面。通过相关性分析,保证所建立的模拟路面的准确性和可信性。     

生命在平凡中闪光——纪念杨庆文同志

“我们对着茫茫的珠江痛悼您，江水哽咽；我们对着苍翠的青山痛一阵您，群山无言。我们的好同事，您别走……”声声深情呼唤，无法留住他远去的脚步。     

Application of the reverse 3D scanning method to evaluate the wear of forging tools divided on two selected areas

This study is focused on tools used in the industrial hot forging process of a front wheel forging (eventually–gear wheel) manufactured for the automotive industry. Four different variants were applied for the tools: 2 die inserts were coated with two different hybrid layers (GN + PVD type), i.e. AlCrTiN and AlCrTiSiN, one insert was only nitrided, and one was pad welded, to improve tool durability. The tool wear was analysed and represented by the material degradation on the working surface, based on the 3D scanning and the material growth of the periodically collected forgings. Additionally, the scanned tools were divided into two areas, in which it was found, based on the reliminary analysis, that various degradation mechanisms are predominant. Microstructural and hardness measurements of the analyzed tools were also performed. Based on the results, it was found that, in the central part of the die insert (area A), thermo-mechanical fatigue and wear occurred, while in the area of the bridge insert (area B), only abrasive wear could be observed. For these areas (A and B), the loss of material was determined separately. In area A for the inserts with hybrid layer GN+AlCrTiSiN and gas nitrided, an intensive increase of wear took place, which was not observed for the pad welded and GN+AlCrTiN layer insert, for which, together with the increase of the forging number, a proportional growth of the loss of material occurred. In area B the weakest results were obtained for the insert with GN+AlCrTiSiN layer, while wear of other die inserts grew similar and proportional.     

基于模糊综合评价法的馈能悬架结构方案评价

馈能型悬架是可以回收悬架之间振动能量的新型悬架,研究国内外几种馈能型悬架方案的结构和工作原理,运用模糊综合评价法对馈能型悬架的结构方案进行评价.结果表明液电馈能型悬架方案具有明显的优势,是最可行的馈能型悬架结构方案.     

Finite element modeling of hydrostatic stress distribution in copper dual-damascene interconnects

Hydrostatic stresses of copper dual-damascene interconnects are calculated by a commercial finite element software in this paper. The analytical work is performed to examine the effects of different low-k (k is permittivity) dielectrics, barrier layer and aspect ratio of via on hydrostatic stress distribution in the copper interconnects. The results of calculation indicate that the hydrostatic stresses are highly non-uniform throughout the copper interconnects and the highest tensile hydrostatic stress exists on the top interface of lower level interconnect near via. Both the high coefficient of thermal expansion and the low elastic modulus of the low-k dielectrics and barrier layer can decrease the highest hydrostatic stress on the top interface, which can improve the reliability of the copper interconnects.     

Safety modeling for two‐way left‐turn lanes and a procedure to identify two‐way left‐turn lane segments with safety concerns

In the past, two‐way left‐turn lane (TWLTL) median treatments have been frequently used in Florida to inexpensively improve traffic and safety performances. In order to identify factors that may have significant impacts on safety operations in TWLTL sections and to identify TWLTL locations that present existing and future safety concerns, a research project was carried out and results are summarized in the paper. In the research, a three‐year crash history database with crashes and section characteristics from a total of 1688 TWLTL sections all over Florida was developed and used. A negative binomial regression model was developed to determine the statistical relationship between the number of crashes per mile per year and several variables such as traffic volume, access density, posted speed, and number of lanes. In regard to the methodology, in order to identify locations with safety concerns, several steps are needed: development of real crash data distribution, determination of statistical distribution models that better represent the actual crash data, determination of percentile values for the average number of crashes, estimation of crash rates for sections with the same characteristics, estimation of critical values for the variables corresponding to the percentile values for average number of crashes, calculation of tables of critical average annual daily traffic values, and generation of a list of TWLTL locations with critical safety concerns. Results presented in the paper have been used in real applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于网络时间协议(NTP)的城市轨道交通时间服务器的设计

设计了一套基于嵌入式的城市轨道交通GPS(全球定位系统)时间服务器.系统硬件采用GPS OEM板和ARM 9开发板,并在开发板上增加了Zigbee无线传输模块和扩展了的RS 485接口,可满足城市轨道交通时间信息传输多样性的要求.通过分析网络时间协议(NTP)的基本原理,设计并完成了嵌入式Linux下的服务器程序和Windows下的客户端程序；客户端程序采用Windows系统内部的高精度定时器,提高了时间分辨率,可以使局域网内计算机的授时精度达到微秒级.利用真实的网络环境对其进行测试,结果能够满足城市轨道交通行车控制和运营管理的特定要求.     

适应高爆发压力的高性能柴油机气缸盖设计

以某4DC发动机的基本参数为输入条件,对气缸盖进行了概念定义及详细设计,着重介绍了气道、油道、喷油器、配气机构和冷却水套的定义过程以及为保证气缸盖刚度和强度采取的技术措施,提出了气缸盖"W"型水套的概念。对该气缸盖设进行的设计评估结果表明,其使用性能、冷却性能、结构可靠性、铸造性能均满足设计要求,且气缸盖质量仅为30 kg,实现了气缸盖设计轻量化目标。