隧道施工对建筑物影响的控制标准研究

文章在参考国内外相关文献与研究成果的基础上,总结了目前工程实践中使用的三种控制标准,即经验法、借鉴法和计算法,分析了它们存在的主要问题,并提出了制定控制标准的动态法及其应用流程,以期为隧道施工对建筑物影响的控制标准制定,提供具有可参考性和可操作性的方法与步骤。     

“工厂法”沉管隧道早期性能的足尺试验研究

由于沉管隧道管段体积大、结构形式复杂、施工工艺复杂,容易因温度、收缩以及约束等原因,造成管段结构在预制阶段出现危害性裂缝,进而影响结构的服役性能和耐久性能。文章依托在建港珠澳大桥沉管隧道工程实例,开展了足尺试验,对"工厂法"沉管管节关键部位的温度和应变发展实施了监测,分析对比了温度发展规律和应变发展规律。分析结果表明:在早期因混凝土水化热引起温度上升,整个管段结构膨胀受拉,温度到达峰值后逐渐下降,结构也收缩恢复;但由于混凝土自收缩等因素的存在,结构最终收缩受压。研究所提供的试验结果可作为深入进行数值分析的一个基础。     

公路隧道双洞互补式通风适用性分析

为研究公路隧道双洞互补式通风的适用性,文章基于隧址海拔和温度、隧道长度和纵坡、隧道交通量和交通组成、隧道双洞间距等因素对互补式通风负荷比及通风效果的影响进行计算分析。研究结果表明:当隧道上下行通风负荷比大于1.5或隧道单向纵坡绝对值在1.5%~2.0%之间时,适宜采用互补式通风;隧道长度在4.5~6 km之间时,采用双洞互补式通风最经济实用;交通量和交通组成的影响关系显示隧道大型车混入率在35%~50%之间时宜考虑采用互补式通风;双洞隧道适合采用互补式通风的最小间距为30 m。     

京张高速公路官厅湖特大桥健康监测系统实施的研究

通过桥梁健康监测项目实现了对应变、挠度、振动、温度和动态轴重等方面实时在线监测,并实现对原始数据的处理和显示,以保证大桥的安全运营。     

京沪高速泰安段大修工程路面排水设计

路面排水是否通畅,对路面各种病害的产生和发展具有决定性因素,通过路表排水设计、沥青混凝土路面结构选型及抗渗性设计和路面结构内部防排水系统设计等方面完善路面排水系统,对高速公路的正常运行和行车安全具有重大意义。     

汽车电动助力转向与主动悬架系统的集成控制

针对基于横向和垂向动理学的电动助力转向（EPS）与主动悬架（ASS）集成系统,设计了一种基于干扰抑制指标的控制策略。首先根据控制目标,选择相应的加权函数,建立增广被控对象矩阵,将鲁棒性能控制问题转化为标准的控制问题;然后在Matlab环境下进行了仿真计算。仿真结果表明,该集成控制方法是有效的,能够使汽车转向行驶时的整车综合性能得到提高。     

Review of Secure Communication Approaches for In-Vehicle Network

In the connected vehicles, connecting interfaces bring threats to the vehicles and they can be hacked to impact the vehicles and drivers. Compared with traditional vehicles, connected vehicles require more information transfer. Sensor signals and critical data must be protected to ensure the cyber security of connected vehicles. The communications among ECUs, sensors, and gateways are connected by in-vehicle networks. This paper discussed the state-of-art techniques about secure communication for in-vehicle networks. First, the related concepts in automotive secure communication have been provided. Then we have compared and contrasted existing approaches for secure communication. We have analyzed the advantages/disadvantages of MAC and digital signatures for message authentication and compared the performance and limitations of different cryptographic algorithms. Firewall and intrusion detection system are introduced to protect the networks. The constraints and features of different intrusion detection approaches are presented. After that, the technical requirements for cryptographic mechanism and intrusion detection policy are concluded. Based on the review of current researches, the future development directions of the automotive network security have been discussed. The purpose of this paper is to review current techniques on automotive secure communication and suggest suitable secure approaches to implement on the in-vehicle networks.     

基于ADAMS的舰载补给起重机摇摆仿真及减摇措施分析

舰载补给起重机吊运柱状箱体时,箱体会由于各种外界影响发生摇摆。针对舰载补给起重机起吊的柱状箱体在舰船摇荡、起重机启停、风载的影响下发生的摇摆进行了ADAMS动力学仿真,得到了这3种因素对柱状箱体摇摆的影响情况,以及柱状箱体在预设工况下的运动规律。改变钢丝绳数量和布置形式进行仿真,得到了不同钢丝绳数量和布置下柱状箱体的运动情况以及相对单根钢丝绳的减摇效果,为进行动基座起重机减摇、防摇研究提供了依据。     

基于欧雷准则的某纯电动车悬架刚度优化匹配研究

在车型开发前期对悬架系统刚度、阻尼进行合理的优化匹配,不仅能缩短整车开发周期,同时还能提升整车性能,基于欧雷准则,以车辆二自由度模型为基础研究了前、后悬架刚度优化匹配的方法,并在某电动车动力学性能开发前期得以应用,通过实车试验与优化结果对比充分验证了该方法具有一定的工程应用价值,且能够大大缩短样车开发周期。     

Decisions on truck parking place and time on expressways: an analysis using digital tachograph data

With the objective of deriving useful insights into measures against traffic congestion at service areas (SAs) and parking areas (PAs) on expressways and ensuring efficient use of SAs/PAs, this study investigated the decisions on where a truck is parked (i.e., choice of an SA or a PA), how long it is parked (i.e., parking time), and their influential factors. To this end, this study used the trajectory data of 1600 trucks recorded in 6-min intervals by in-vehicle digital tachographs on the Sanyo and Chugoku Expressways in Japan from October 2013 to March 2014. First, the aspect of repeated choice of each truck (i.e., habitual behavior) toward a specific SA/PA was clarified. Next, a multilevel discrete–continuous model (Type II Tobit model) was developed to reveal the factors affecting the above decisions. The modeling results confirmed the existence of habitual behavior and showed that trucks were more likely to be parked a longer time at an SA/PA when it is closer to the destination. It appears that truck drivers may adjust their time at the SA/PA close to the destination to comply with the arrival time, which is often predetermined by the owner of the transported goods. Furthermore, the availability of restaurants and shops, and the number of parking spaces available for trucks and trailers are important determinants of parking time, whereas the existence of a convenience store is important to the choice of the SA/PA. Parking experience has an extremely strong positive effect on the parking choice and use. Moreover, increasing the number of parking lots may induce its longer use.