基于切片技术的点云数据预处理研究

针对扫描点云杂乱无序的特点,讨论了点云数据预处理的问题,提出了一种新的基于点云切片的数据预处理迭代算法．通过对点云最小包围盒进行均匀分割及分割后点云的密度分析,对密度过大的分割块进行迭代分割,建立了3个方向的点云切片和截面线．结果不仅大大减少了点云数据量,并且在点云密度过大的区域很好地保持了模型的原始特征,同时将原始的无序数据点集转化为具有层列结构的有序组织形式,确定了各点之间的相互关系,为后续曲线曲面拟合做了很好的准备．     

无线传感器网络安全路由协议SNEP的分析与仿真实现

以提供可靠保密通信为目标的安全路由协议的分析是无线传感器网络安全基本研究领域之一．阐述了针对无线传感器网络的攻击手段所采取的措施,研究了安全路由协议,重点研究了其中的传感网络加密协议（Sensor Network Encryption Protocol,SNEP）,并进行了仿真实现,最后针对无线传感网络的攻击方式对SNEP的安全性进行了分析．结果证明SNEP协议具有数据机密性、数据认证、防御重放攻击等安全服务．     

舰载机箱的磁场屏蔽特性仿真

以往针对机箱电场屏蔽特性的研究较多,而对其磁场屏蔽特性的研究较少。然而,电场和磁场的屏蔽特性并不完全一样。因此,针对舰载机箱所受到的电磁辐射和干扰的威胁特征,基于有限积分技术对典型舰载机箱结构开展了磁场屏蔽特性仿真研究。获取了重要的机箱内部磁场屏蔽效能、箱内磁场分布和电流分布等仿真结果。而且屏蔽效能的仿真结果与IEEE文献中测试与计算结果吻合得很好,充分验证了仿真的有效性。最后,对磁场屏蔽效能、内场分布和表面电流分布进行了分析。特别是对机箱非正面的电流分布给出了合理解释,主要原因是与入射场的极化相关。研究成果对机箱的电磁防护设计提供了有力的技术支撑。     

m阶非齐次马氏信源的一类Shannon-Mcmillan定理

采用构造相容分布与非负上鞅的方法研究了m阶马氏信源相对熵密度的强极限定理,由此得出若干马氏信源、无记忆信源的随机Shannon-Mcmillan定理.并将已有的马氏信源的结果加以推广.     

不完备目标信息系统中的可变精度粗糙集模型

文中以同时具有缺席型和遗漏型未知属性值的不完备目标信息系统为研究对象,根据特征关系,研究可变精度粗糙集的模型及其性质．可变精度粗糙集模型与原始的粗糙集模型不同,它是建立在集合多数包含的基础上的,因而该模型是基于特征关系的经典粗糙集模型的推广形式,而基于特征关系的经典粗糙集模型则是可变精度粗糙集模型的一种特殊表现形式．文中对新模型的主要性质作了阐述和证明,结果表明：在不完备目标信息系统中,新模型与原始的粗糙集模型相比具有更高的近似精度,可进行更为精确的度量．     

水线面大开口深拖母船的阻力性能研究

采用CFD方法对某一深拖母船的阻力性能进行分析比较,计算一组航速下深拖母船的阻力,比较不同开口方式的阻力性能,分析其流场和压力分布,研究其阻力增加的原因,并探索减小阻力的方法。计算方法及所得出的结论可以为母船的设计以及开口船舶的阻力性能研究提供参考。     

Measuring quality of service in dial-a-ride operations: the case of a Canadian city

In many countries, dial-a-ride services are provided by public authorities to elderly and handicapped people who cannot use regular transit. Cost minimization is key to running these services, but one can observe a growing interest in quality measurement and improvement. A first step in improving quality is to define a quality measurement scale specific to dial-a-ride services. A second step is to incorporate quality measurements in mathematical models that serve as a basis for optimization algorithms. To this end, an extensive survey of dial-a-ride users was conducted in Longueuil, the largest suburb of Montreal, Canada. This paper describes the steps of the survey and presents its main conclusions: (1) 56 attributes were identified based on interviews, (2) the questionnaire developed has proved to be reliable and valid, (3) an exploratory factor analysis allowed us to determine 13 dimensions of quality in dial-a-ride services, (4) the most important criteria for users were identified, and (5) population segmenting variables by which subgroups of users can be categorized were also determined. Managerial implications of our results are also discussed.     

Estimating the robustness of questionnaire results: lessons from a mixed-mode survey of expectations for tele-working and road-based business travel

The robustness of questionnaire results to various forms of bias are explored in the context of a dual-mode (web and hardcopy) survey of employers’ anticipations of levels of employee commuting and business travel activity under a range of future ICT scenarios. The questionnaire incorporated several innovative features which, together with the dual-mode format, allowed an unusually wide range of analyses. For example: the robustness of respondents’ opinions was tested by examining the effect of incorporating alternative versions of a briefing text, one being very positive and one very negative, about the role of ICT; instrument bias was identified via detailed comparison of the results from the two versions of the questionnaire; and the impact of exogenous factors which are often ignored or taken as constant was assessed via special supplementary questions. Analysis showed that the robustness of opinions and expectations varied and was influenced by respondent characteristics, and that results from the two versions of the questionnaire differed significantly. It is concluded that opinions and expectations are less robust, and questionnaire results are more subject to bias and myopic interpretation, than is generally recognised and that web-based surveys seem particularly vulnerable to sampling bias. Methods are suggested for measuring robustness, for reducing bias and for validating and contextualising results. The use of contrasting briefing texts is recommended as a means of establishing the robustness of opinions and expectations while supplementary questions are recommended for validating and contextualising SP and SE exercises.

Second best toll and capacity optimisation in networks: solution algorithm and policy implications

This paper looks at the first and second best jointly optimal toll and road capacity investment problems from both policy and technical oriented perspectives. On the technical side, the paper investigates the applicability of the constraint cutting algorithm for solving the second best problem under elastic demand which is formulated as a bilevel programming problem. The approach is shown to perform well despite several problems encountered by our previous work in Shepherd and Sumalee (Netw. Spat. Econ., 4(2): 161–179, 2004). The paper then applies the algorithm to a small sized network to investigate the policy implications of the first and second best cases. This policy analysis demonstrates that the joint first best structure is to invest in the most direct routes while reducing capacities elsewhere. Whilst unrealistic this acts as a useful benchmark. The results also show that certain second best policies can achieve a high proportion of the first best benefits while in general generating a revenue surplus. We also show that unless costs of capacity are known to be low then second best tolls will be affected and so should be analysed in conjunction with investments in the network.

Identifying optimal data aggregation interval sizes for link and corridor travel time estimation and forecasting

With the recent increase in the deployment of ITS technologies in urban areas throughout the world, traffic management centers have the ability to obtain and archive large amounts of data on the traffic system. These data can be used to estimate current conditions and predict future conditions on the roadway network. A general solution methodology for identifying the optimal aggregation interval sizes for four scenarios is proposed in this article: (1) link travel time estimation, (2) corridor/route travel time estimation, (3) link travel time forecasting, and (4) corridor/route travel time forecasting. The methodology explicitly considers traffic dynamics and frequency of observations. A formulation based on mean square error (MSE) is developed for each of the scenarios and interpreted from a traffic flow perspective. The methodology for estimating the optimal aggregation size is based on (1) the tradeoff between the estimated mean square error of prediction and the variance of the predictor, (2) the differences between estimation and forecasting, and (3) the direct consideration of the correlation between link travel time for corridor/route estimation and forecasting. The proposed methods are demonstrated using travel time data from Houston, Texas, that were collected as part of the automatic vehicle identification (AVI) system of the Houston Transtar system. It was found that the optimal aggregation size is a function of the application and traffic condition.