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201.
本文进行了视屏显示终端职业危害因素的监测及对操作人员身体影响的评价,表明其具有诸多的职业危害因素,主要为不良的微气候和空气离子状态,较低的照度、较强的噪声,尚有一定量的X线幅射及不良的人机关系。上述复杂的危害因素形成多方面的健康效应,主要表现在神经系统、精神行为、眼、骨骼肌、女性月经和生育方面,但以视屏显示终端作业工作量大的18岁~25岁年龄组较为明显。提示需加强对视屏显示终端作业人员综合性的职业卫生防护措施。  相似文献   
202.
针对目前用传统测试方法难以有效地对预应力筋的应力状态进行分布测试的现状,提出了采用基于普通光纤的螺旋缠绕式准分布光纤应变传感器进行测试的新方法,分析了其结构设计思想和传感原理,并对其传感特性进行了理论分析和试验研究。此传感系统的研究为预应力筋应力状态的准分布测试探索了一条新的解决途径。  相似文献   
203.
3月18日,为了适应现代公交企业发展的需要,北京公交集团团委在集团公司组织部的指导下,正式成立了北京公交集团团委青年礼仪服务队。来自北京公交集团46名政治素养过硬、业务水平精良的礼仪队员进行了首次集中培训。集团公司团委副书记南子烨出席开班仪式并作开班动员。开班仪式上,北京公交集团团委相关人员介绍了培训班的特点,并对参训学员提出了要求。  相似文献   
204.
This paper describes a pressure-model-based coordinated control method of a variable geometry turbine (VGT) and dual-loop exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) in a diesel engine air-path system. Conventionally, air fraction or burnt gas fraction states are controlled for the control of dual-loop EGR systems, but fraction control is not practical since sensors for fractions are not available on production engines. In fact, there is still great controversy over how best to select control outputs for dual-loop EGR systems. In this paper, pressure and mass flow states are chosen as control outputs without fraction states considering the availability and reliability of sensors. A coordinated controller based on the simple control-oriented model is designed with practical aspects, which is applicable for simultaneous operations of high pressure (HP) EGR, low pressure (LP) EGR, and VGT. In addition, the controller adopts the method of input-output linearization using back-stepping to solve the chronic problems of conventional pressure-based controllers such as coupling effects between operations of HP EGR, and VGT. The control performance is verified by simulation based on the proven GT-POWER model of a heavy-duty 6000cc diesel engine air-path.  相似文献   
205.
Injury information for vehicle occupants from the body regions of the head, thorax, abdomen, and upper and lower extremities, due to the restraints and interior parts of the vehicle, were extracted from the 2009 ~ 2012 NASS/CDS database. For those cases with high occurrence frequency, a detailed and comprehensive data analysis was performed to find the relationship between the accident, occupant, vehicle, and injury data. A numerical frontal impact sled model with the Hybrid III dummy and the GHBMC human body model was constructed to simulate and identify those injury risks according to NASS/CDS. Among the 5,734 injuries to the aforementioned body regions from frontal crashes are, listed by frequency of occurrence, the lower extremity (27.8 %), upper extremity (21.3 %), thorax (15.1 %), face (10.9 %), spine (8.7 %), head (7.3 %), and abdomen (6.9 %). The main injury sources to the head were the windshield, side structure, and steering wheel. For the thorax and abdomen they were the seat belt and steering wheel. For the lower extremity it was the instrument panel. The main injury patterns for the head were the concussion and the contusion. For the thorax they were vessel laceration and lung contusion. For the abdomen they were laceration and contusion of the organs. For the lower extremity they were bone fracture and ligament rupture. The steering wheel and seat positions were main factors affecting head and thorax injury risks. From the sled impact simulation, high injury risks of the head and thorax were assessed respectively at conditions of steering column tilt down and rear most seat position, which correlated well with the findings from the NASS/CDS data analysis.  相似文献   
206.
Ensuring engine efficiency is a crucial issue for automotive manufacturers. Several manufacturers focus on reducing the time taken to develop and introduce brand new vehicles to the market. Thus, a synergic approach including various simulations is generally adopted to achieve a development schedule and to reduce the cost of physical tests. This study involved proposing a design process that is very useful in the preliminary development stage through effective support from simulations. This type of simulation-based design process is effective in developing timing chain drives; the use of this process, based on results from multiple trials, showed improvements in performance including low friction and vibration, improved durability, and cost-effective part design when compared to conventional processes. This study proposes an integrated approach to the preliminary design of an automotive timing chain system. The approach involves structural and dynamic analyses. The details of the design process are described by using the case of a virtual engine. This study conducted and summarized a dynamic and structural analysis as well as topological optimization to describe a process to obtain optimal results. The results of this study indicated the following improvements in overall performance factors: 12.1 % improvement in transmission error, 10.1 % reduction in chain tension, 46 % reduction in tensioner arm weight, and 11 % reduction in transversal displacement.  相似文献   
207.
基于CATIA中的电子样机模块分析了整车总布置校核过程中存在的问题,首次提出了一种整车总布置电子样机智能校核方法,包括整车三维模型数据完整性管控和间隙智能校核方法,同时基于该方法开发了一套整车数据智能校核工具。该工具有效解决了国外工业软件在国内车企关键场景应用不便捷、不适配的问题,如电子样机模块无法进行整车三维模型数据完整性检查、无法对成对特定名称零部件之间的间隙进行批量检查以及无法导出检查结果等问题。该方法极大地提高了整车总布置校核的效率和准确性。  相似文献   
208.
EPB是实现车辆自动驻车、释放等功能的部件.其作用是防止车辆在平路或者坡道上溜车.相对普通手驻车制动更加智能、高效.左右EPB卡钳电机分别执行驻车、释放等功能,其结构复杂,同时驻车、释放等功能由软件控制,其涉及驻车释放的一致性等问题.本文以某车型投放市场初期产生的释放时间偏长问题,通过对软件和结构硬件进行了深入研究,分...  相似文献   
209.
为推进生态文明社会建设发展,倡导绿色低碳施工理念,以碳排放评价作为切入点,开展了超小净距隧道绿色施工优化研究.依托贵州旧屋基原连拱隧道段工程,基于隧道施工碳排放模型,归纳了影响隧道施工碳排放量的直接影响因素和间接影响因素.综合分析认为,造成隧道施工碳排放量产生的主要因素为施工过程中的机械运作以及建筑材料生产,因此从缩短...  相似文献   
210.
为研究爆炸荷载作用下斜拉桥钢绞线斜拉索的破坏模式和剩余承载性能,开展了8根15.7-7钢绞线斜拉索试件的野外爆炸试验以及爆炸损伤钢绞线的静力轴向拉伸试验,得到了钢绞线斜拉索在接触爆炸及近距离爆炸作用下的破坏形态和损伤钢绞线的剩余承载力;并根据断丝数量和承载力损失定量比较了高密度聚乙烯护套(HDPE)、单层钢管护套(SST)、双层钢管护套(DST)以及泡沫铝夹层钢管护套(FAFST)4种不同防护措施的抗爆防护效果。研究结果表明:在接触/近距离爆炸作用下,钢绞线斜拉索的损伤破坏主要表现为正对爆炸作用区域部分钢丝断裂和局部横向变形;采用FAFST防护可以有效地改善钢绞线斜拉索的破坏程度,HDPE防护效果有限;相较于无防护的祼索,SST与DST防护反而加剧了斜拉索试件的损伤程度;爆炸损伤钢绞线的剩余承载力与剩余钢丝数量成正比。基于试验结果和回归分析方法,提出了爆炸损伤钢绞线斜拉索剩余承载力评估的实用公式,可以在爆炸灾害后根据钢绞线断丝破坏情况,快速评估斜拉索的剩余承载能力。  相似文献   
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