一种基于CFD的水动力系数计算新方法(英文)

Applications of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) to the maritime industry continue to grow with the increasing development of computers. Numerical approaches have evolved to a level of accuracy which allows them to be applied for hydrodynamic computations in industry areas. Hydrodynamic tests, especially planar-motion-mechanism (PMM) tests are simulated by CFD software -FLUENT, and all of the corresponding hydrodynamic coefficients are obtained, which satisfy the need of establishing the simulation system to evaluate maneuverability of vehicles during the autonomous underwater vehicle scheme design stage. The established simulation system performed well in tests.     

固相萃取-气质联用测定水中半挥发性有机物研究

使用聚苯乙烯二乙烯基苯固相萃取小柱提取水中半挥发性有机物,包括硝基苯类、苯酚类、有机氯农药、氯苯类、酞酸酯类、苯胺类和多环芳烃等,用 GC/MS进行定性定量分析.研究了有机改性剂、pH值和上样流速对回收率的影响,优化了固相萃取条件.实验结果表明,1 L水样中90多种半挥发性有机物的方法检出限为0.001～0.5 μ g/L;回收率为60%～125%.该方法适合监测水中痕量半挥发性有机物.     

全力迎战长江大洪水——长江海事防汛抗灾保安全纪实

<正>7月19日上午0940时,一艘名为"长兴809"的散货船,停泊在长江干线重庆段牛耳沱水域。由于水位上涨过快,水流湍急,该船的缆绳被绷断,逐渐下流,将下方的一艘报废空载驳船"渝甲1015"打流。"长兴     

地铁电缆与钢轨快速铜热焊接方法的分析研究

目前国内普遍采用快速铜热焊接方法,用于地铁供电系统回流线电缆和信号系统轨连线电缆与钢轨的焊接。此种方法造成的钢轨重伤在北京地铁中占有很大比例。经采用A国和B国焊药进行焊接,通过对焊接接头的宏观、显微组织观察,以及显微硬度和疲劳试验等多项分析研究,探讨了该类型焊接接头产生裂纹使钢轨重伤的原因,指出了该方法的不足之处。     

发动机运转噪声的动力学分析及试验研究

建立了活塞系统工作过程的动力学方程和油膜润滑方程,并根据实测的解放CA6102汽油机的气缸压力对活塞二阶运动进行了计算。通过分析不同情况下活塞的无量纲横向位移和无量纲横向加速度随曲轴转角的变化关系,得出了影响发动机运转噪声的实质性因素。     

On the financial viability of mass transit development: the case of Hong Kong

Mass transit projects are often a top contender of many cities to meet their increasing demand for travel. Despite the global trend of privatization, mass transit services, as public goods, remain largely being provided and operated by the public sector. Hong Kong is one of the few exceptions that all mass transit services are commercially operated. Both rail and bus services in Hong Kong are reputable for their quality and profitability, often serving as benchmarks for new projects. In this study, we investigate the factors contributing to this success. In particular, we ascertain the quality of transit service provision by the private sector over the past two decades. Then, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the account books of leading railway and bus operators in Hong Kong so as to shed light on their financial viability. Through this study, we hope to present crucial factors for providing financially viable private transit services.     

Exploring passenger anxiety associated with train travel

Although people are often encouraged to use public transportation, the riding experience is not always comfortable. This study uses service items to measure passenger anxieties by applying a conceptual model based on the railway passenger service chain perspective. Passenger anxieties associated with train travel are measured using a modern psychometric method, the Rasch model. This study surveys 412 train passengers. Analytical results indicate that the following service items cause passenger anxiety during trains travel: crowding, delays, accessibility to a railway station, searching for the right train on a platform, and transferring trains. Empirical results obtained using the Rasch approach can be used to derive an effective strategy to reduce train passenger anxiety. This empirical study also demonstrates that anxiety differs based on passenger sex, age, riding frequency, and trip type. This information will also prove useful for transportation planners and policy-makers when considering the special travel needs of certain groups to create a user-friendly railway travel environment that promotes public use.     

Hierarchical ordering of nests in a joint mode and destination choice model

This paper seeks to explore the relationship between mode and destination choice in an integrated nested choice model. A fundamental argument can be made that in certain circumstances, the ordering of choices should be reversed from the usual sequence of destination choice preceding mode choice. This results in a travel demand model where travelers are more likely to change destinations than to change transportation modes. For small and medium size urban areas, particularly in the United States, with less well developed public transit systems that draw few choice riders, this assumption makes much more sense than the traditional modeling assumptions. The models used in the new travel modeling system developed for Knoxville, Tennessee utilize this reversed ordering, with generally good results, which required no external tinkering in the logsum parameters.     

Treatment of seasonal tickets for public transport in estimation and application of mode/destination choice models

A new model system dealing with trips of length up to 100 km has recently been developed in Norway. A new way of dealing with seasonal passes for public transport is used in the travel-to-work model. The objective was to account for the fact that a respondent that posses a seasonal pass for public transport may behave as if public transport is free on the day they report a travel diary. On the other hand, we can not assume that public transport is free for respondents that used other modes of transport or that public transport is free to alternative destinations. This problem was solved by defining seasonal pass as a separate alternative in the form of a nest that included all modes of travel. The cost of a seasonal pass is a common cost for all modes in the nest and will thus not affect the choice within the nest. The estimation of this specification is compared with the more common approach of assigning an average cost per day based on the cost of a monthly pass and the number of workdays in a month. The comparison indicates that the “average cost per day” approach may produce biased estimates for several parameters. It also turns out that the cost parameter for seasonal pass is higher than the parameter for “out of pocket” cost, probably reflecting that there will be some uncertainty with respect to the actual use of a seasonal pass.