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601.
As a new type of hull form, trimaran has remarkable excellent performances and has drawn more and more attention. When the viscous CFD technology now available is applied to the research of resistance performance of trimaran, the spatial discretization would usually result in the grid error and uncertainty, and thus the considerable discrepancy between the numerical results and the experimental data. In order to ascertain how much the grid would affect the calculation, the grid convergence should be studied. A mathematical trimaran was chosen as an example, with the commercial code CFX for the simulation, VOF for surface treatment, and the grid study was carried out based on two different turbulence models. It was concluded that carrying out grid study is helpful in estimating the grid error and uncertainty, and indicating the direction of improving the credibility of the numerical calculation, and, in addition to grid errors and uncertainties, the turbulence modeling errors and uncertainties contribute to the simulation errors. 相似文献
602.
Rectangular tiles can be laid on a ship’s hull for protection, but the sides of the tiles must be adjusted so adjacent tiles
will conform to the curvature of the hull. A method for laying tiles along a reference line was proposed, and an allowable
range of displacement for the four vertices of the tile was determined. Deformations of each tile on a specific reference
line were then obtained. It was found that the least deformation was required when the tiles were laid parallel to a line
with the least curvature. After calculating the mean curvature on the surface, the surface was divided into three layout areas.
A set of discrete points following the least deformation of the principal curvatures was obtained. A NURBS interpolation curve
was then plotted as the reference line for laying tiles. The optimum size of the tiles was obtained, given the allowable maximum
deformation condition. This minimized the number of bolts and the amount of stuffing. A typical aft hull section was selected
and divided into three layout areas based on the distribution of curvature. The optimum sizes of rectangular tiles were obtained
for every layout area and they were then laid on the surface. In this way the layout of the rectangular tiles could be plotted. 相似文献
603.
While much of the scholarly literature on immigrants’ travel focuses on transit use, the newest arrivals to the United States
make over twelve times as many trips by carpool as by transit. Using the 2001 National Household Travel Survey and multinomial
logit mode choice models, we examine the determinants of carpooling. In particular, we focus on the likelihood of carpooling
among immigrants—carpooling both within and across households. After controlling for relevant determinants of carpooling,
we find that immigrants are far more likely to form household carpools than native-born adults and also are more likely than
the native-born to form external carpools (outside the household). Moreover, when faced with the options of carpooling and
public transit, immigrants—even recent arrivals—appear to prefer carpools over transit more strongly than the native born. 相似文献
604.
Based on nonlinear trajectory generation (NTG) software package, a general approach (i.e. numerical solution) to trajectory
planning for yoyo motion is presented. For the real-time control of such periodical dynamic system, a critical problem is
how to implement fast solving the optimal trajectory, so as to meet the real-time demand. However, traditional numerical solution
methods are very time-consuming. In this paper, the optimization problem is solved by mapping the problem to a lower-dimension
space. And combined with multithread programming technology, the computation time for solving the optimal trajectory is greatly
reduced. Simulation results show that the numerical solution is identical to the analytic one, which demonstrates the correctness
of the proposed method. The computation time of one cycle of yoyo simulation is about 10 ms, which shows that the proposed
numerical method can be applied to the real-time control of yoyo playing. 相似文献
605.
Comprised by a swarm of acoustically linked and cooperative autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) with onboard sensors, an
underwater mobile sensing network (UMSN) will be a complementary means to fixed observatory networks, e.g. seafloor observatory
networks and moored buoy arrays. It has obvious advantages over a single large AUV in higher efficiency due to parallel observation,
stronger robustness to vehicle failures and lower cost. Although an UMSN can be viewed as a counterpart of wireless mobile
sensing networks for air and terrestrial applications, it is much more challenging due to poor performance of underwater acoustic
communication, poor performance of underwater positioning and high degree of uncertainty in vehicle dynamics and underwater
environment. In order to verify key technologies involved in an UMSN, e.g. cooperation of multi-AUVs based on acoustic communication,
a low cost testbed has been developed for experimental study. The design of both hardware and software is introduced. Also
the results of a functional test for verification of the effectiveness of the testbed are presented. 相似文献
606.
A combination of methods was developed that can determine hydrodynamic forces on a planing hull in steady motion. Firstly, a potential-based boundary-element method was used to calculate the hydrodynamic pressure, induced resistance and lift. Then the frictional resistance component was determined by the viscous boundary layer theory. Finally, a particular empirical technique was applied, to determine the region of upwash geometry and determine spray resistance. Case studies involving four models of Series 62 planing craft were run. These showed that the suggested method is efficient and capable, with results that are in good agreement with experimental measurements over a wide range of volumetric Froude numbers. 相似文献
607.
Tae-Woo Lee 《Maritime Policy and Management》1999,26(4):311-325
The Korean government has made many efforts to repair the damage done by the financial crisis since November 1997. The restructuring programmes for the Korean economy, including chaebols' (i.e. family-controlled conglomerates) restructuring, have impacted in many ways on the shipping, shipbuilding and port sectors. This is because major shipping lines, shipyards, and recent privatization and operation of container terminals have closely been related to chaebols. This paper is concerned with the impacts of the Korean financial crisis on the shipping, shipbuilding, and port sector, with restructuring of the economy and chaebols. 相似文献
608.
A study of the bi-directional pedestrian flow characteristics at Hong Kong signalized crosswalk facilities 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This paper investigates the bi-directional flow characteristics at signalized crosswalk facilities in Hong Kong. Pedestrian flow measurements were conducted at selected signalized crosswalks in Hong Kong urban area with and without the Light Rail Transit (LRT) railway tracks in the median of the carriageway. The pedestrian speed-flow functions for these crosswalk facilities were calibrated. The relationships between the walking speed at capacity and directional distribution of pedestrian flow (or flow ratio) are determined. The effects of different flow ratio on the effective capacity are also investigated. The bi-directional pedestrian flow effects on signalized crosswalk facilities with LRT tracks are found more significant than those without LRT tracks. The result could be used as a basis to improve the assessment of the crosswalk's capacity and to determine the design walking speeds under different flow ratios at signalized crosswalks in Hong Kong and in other Asian cities with similar environments. 相似文献
609.
Nowadays, shipyards are making every effort to efficiently manage their resources such as gantry cranes, transporters, and
block stock yards. The scheduling of block lifting for a gantry crane has been manually performed by an expert shipyard manager
for many years. Such a practice, however, can lead to an undesirably long time to produce scheduling plans. In addition, the
quality of the scheduling plans may not be optimal. To improve the overall process, a block lifting scheduling system for
a gantry crane was developed in this study by using optimization techniques. A block lifting scheduling problem was first
formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem. For a gantry crane, minimization of the traveling distance while unloaded
and wire and shackle replacement between block lifting was considered. An optimization algorithm based on the genetic algorithm
was then proposed and implemented so as to solve the problem. To evaluate the efficiency and applicability of the developed
system, the system was applied to an actual block lifting scheduling problem in a shipyard. Compared to results achieved by
manual scheduling by an expert manager, the results of this work show that blocks can be more efficiently lifted by a gantry
crane when the developed system is applied. 相似文献
610.
This article examines noncavitating and cavitating flow fields around a semi-spade rudder in the ship wake and propeller slipstream
based on a computational method. The article seeks to explain the erosion that can occur around the gap due to cavitation;
such erosion has been reported to occur while a ship is at sea. Another area of research is the effect of the gap size and
shape. The effects of erosion-evading devices such as elongated gap edges, an increased edge radius, flow control projections,
and vertical and horizontal guide plates were also studied. 相似文献