Climate–ocean variability and Pacific hake: A geostatistical modeling approach

Climate forcing of the California Current has been known to impact the distribution and abundance of a number of local fish populations, but the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Climate metrics such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are usually used to represent climate processes and direct links are made between climate forcing and production variability. This involves aggregation of impacts across large spatial scales and range of species. However, fluctuations in productivity are often the result of changes in physical habitat. In order to fully understand the relationship between climate and productivity, habitat changes should be addressed. In this study we use a geostatistical approach to quantify adult Pacific hake habitat during different climate regimes. Several authors have suggested that the distribution and intensity of the sub-surface poleward flow (the undercurrent) plays a key role in defining adult hake habitat along the west coast of North America. Here we build a model designed to predict hake habitat distribution in space based on sub-surface poleward flow distribution and bottom depth. Our results show that hake habitat expands in 1998 El Niño year compared to 1995. Given the important predatory role that hake plays in the CC, the amount and distribution of adult hake habitat has large implications for the Pacific Northwest food web and could thus serve as an ecosystem indicator representing important physical–biological interactions. Spatially based ecosystem indicators such as the one we develop here address two important yet neglected areas in the ‘Ecosystem Indicators debate’: the importance of developing metrics explicitly representing spatial and environmental processes shaping ecosystem structure. Without these, our power to fully describe ecosystems will be limited.     

基于动态风险饱和度的高速公路交通安全分析

为了反映高速公路运营安全状况，提出了动态风险饱和度理论，构建了动态风险饱和度模型和计算方法。依据路段不同交通饱和度下车辆的驾驶行为，以路段交通安全为约束，研究了跟车行驶和换道行驶2种驾驶状态下，考虑车速变化及雾天等特殊天气条件影响的路段平均最小安全车头时距计算方法，利用建立的安全车头时距与安全流量之间的转换关系，得到不同驾驶状态下的路段安全流量。在不同车辆驾驶状态切换阈值下，计算路段实际交通流量与路段安全流量的比值得到高速公路路段动态风险饱和度值。以G3高速公路某改扩建路段所在路网为例进行验证，计算得到了路网中各路段不同切换阈值下的动态风险饱和度值。动态风险饱和度随着交通饱和度的增大，呈现稳定的先增大后减小的规律，且在换道行驶状态时达到最大，在跟车行驶状态时开始下降，与现有交通安全状态分析相吻合。相较于交通饱和度，动态风险饱和度更能够反应出高速公路路段交通安全动态变化的规律。      

独柱墩桥梁抗倾覆稳定性分析

以某高速公路立交四跨一联独柱曲线连续箱梁桥为背景,基于《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》(JTG 3362-2018)对桥梁抗倾覆的相关规定进行研究.利用Midas Civil建立桥梁有限元模型,分析该桥的抗倾覆稳定性,并研究了联端支座间距、中支座外偏心距及温度效应对独柱墩桥梁倾覆稳定性的影响.结果表明,增大联端支座间距、设置合理中支座外偏心距可有效提升桥梁抗倾覆能力;温度效应在独柱墩梁桥抗倾覆设计验算中不可忽视.     

铁路航测中ORIMA空三加密浅析

介绍ORIMA加密软件在铁路航测中的关键作用,简述了该软件的使用步骤,认为影响空三加密精度的主要因素为：影像质量、像控点选取及精度、加密点的选取及加密解算方法、加密人员的经验等。结合生产实践着重解决原始像片质量不佳,不能构成理想的相邻像对时如何处理;讨论对山区、城区或是大片水域等地形复杂地区加密时如何保证加密精度;并对不同作业员针对同一区域网空三加密的培训结果进行对比和原因分析,找出了影响加密精度的几个因素及解决办法,总结了一些空三加密的经验和体会。     

Quantitative analysis of passenger and baggage security screening at airports

The terrorist attacks in the United States in 2001 opened a new era in air transportation. The realization that civil aircraft can be used as powerful weapons of mass destruction by a small group of people has drastically increased the need for security screening procedures to protect civil flights. Serving as the interface between the air and land transportation modes, airports have become the main focus in the implementation of those procedures. The need to more thoroughly screen passengers and baggage, and the consequent increase in processing time, has created the need for more space for security checkpoints and baggage screening inside passenger terminal buildings—space that is costly and very difficult to find in existing buildings. This paper evaluates the impact those measures have had on the planning and operation of airport passenger terminals. Quantification of those impacts is performed with the use of discrete‐event simulation and spreadsheet models.     

Excel在AutoCAD船体型线图绘制中的应用

以母型船改造新船的设计方法为例,介绍Microsoft Excel 在AutoCAD 绘制船体型线图中的应用.首先利用Excel生成曲线数据坐标,然后在AutoCAD中生成型线图.     

Incorporated probability that a fleet meets a given permissible value for the hull girder section modulus loss

The paper presents a study on the incorporated probability that a tanker fleet meets a given permissible value of hull girder strength loss. The analysis was based on a database of hull girder section modulus (HGSM) for as-gauged girth belts of tankers. It was found that its mean value is below 5% over the entire life span of the analyzed tanker fleet. The Weibull probabilistic distribution was found to best represent the time-varying HGSM loss. A method was developed for calculating the incorporated safety of a fleet. As an example, the IMO requirement for a maximum HGSM reduction of 10% relative to its required value was analyzed, accounting for time-variant HGSM loss and including a probabilistic model for coating longevity. The views expressed in the paper are those of the authors and not necessary those of ABS.     

On-road emissions from urban buses with SCR + Urea and EGR + DPF systems using diesel and biodiesel

Due to growing concerns about NO_x and particulate matter (PM) emissions from diesel engines, stricter regulations are being introduced requiring advanced emission control technology. In response the diesel industry has begun testing various emission control technologies and applying them. To assess vehicle renewal policies of bus companies, two exhaust after-treatment technologies are compared: the combination of a diesel particulate filter and an exhaust gas re-circulation system and the combination of a selective catalytic reduction and urea. On-board emission measurements were conducted under real-world driving conditions on a specific bus route in the city of Madrid.     

校园无线局域网的安全性研究

介绍了校园无线局域网的优势和问题所在.分析了WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network)IEEE802.11系列安全协议的工作方式,和各自的缺陷.提出了利用Linux内核空间下的Neffilter框架,动态加载IPSec处理模块的方法,构建了一个IPSec VPN网关,以解决无线网络的安全问题,同时也能实现在线实时的信息交换和共享.